JDBC

ADVANCE JAVA
Author Profile
 Ankit Desai
 Ph.D. Scholar, IET, Ahmedabad University
 Education: M. Tech. (C.E.), B. E. (I. T.)
 Experience: 8 years (Academic and Research)
 Research Interest: IoT, Big Data Analytics, Machine
Learning, Data Mining, Algorithms.
Classified e-Material 2

ADVANCE JAVA
Classified e-Material
Java Database Connectivity
JDBC Basics
Application

ADVANCE JAVA
Agenda
 What is JDBC?
 JDBC API
 JDBC Driver
 Database URL
 Step By Step Usage of JDBC API
 Load DB-specific JDBC driver
 Get a Connection object
 Get a Statement object
 Execute queries and/or updates
 Read results
 Read Meta-data (optional step)
 Close Statement and Connection objects

ADVANCE JAVA
What is JDBC?
 Java Database
Connectivity (JDBC) is a
programming framework
to get data from
 databases
 spreadsheets
 flat files
 Standard Java API for
accessing relational
database
 Hides database specific
details from application
DBMS
Java Application
JDBC
Client Machine
DBMS.propritary protocol
Database Server

ADVANCE JAVA
Four types of JDBC Drivers
JDBC
Type I
“Bridge”
Type II
“Native”
Type III
“Middleware”
Type IV
“Pure”
ODBC
ODBC
Driver
CLI (.lib)
Middleware
Server

ADVANCE JAVA
JDBC API
 Defines a set of Java Interfaces, which are
implemented by vendor-specific JDBC Drivers
 Applications use this set of Java interfaces for
performing database operations
JDBC API Layers
Java Application JDBC API
JDBC Manager JDBC Driver API
JDBC NetDriver
JDBC.ODBC
Bridge
ODBC
Driver
Driver 1 Driver 2

ADVANCE JAVA
JDBC API
 Majority of JDBC API is located in java.sql package
 DriverManager, Connection, ResultSet,
DatabaseMetaData, ResultSetMetaData,
PreparedStatement, CallableStatement and Types
 Other advanced functionality exists in the
javax.sql package
 DataSource

ADVANCE JAVA
JDBC Class Usage
DriverManager
Driver
Connection
Statement
ResultSet

ADVANCE JAVA
JDBC Driver
 Database specific
implementation of JDBC
interfaces
 Every database server
has corresponding JDBC
driver(s)
 You can see the list of
available drivers from
 http://industry.java.sun.com/products/jdbc/drivers

ADVANCE JAVA
Database URL
 Used to make a connection to the database
 Can contain server, port, protocol etc…
 jdbc:subprotocol_name:driver_dependant_databasename
 Oracle thin driver
 Jdbc:oracle:thin:@machinename:1521:dbname
 Derby
 jdbc:derby://localhost:1527/sample
 Pointbase
 jdbc:pointbase:server://localhost/sample

ADVANCE JAVA
Agenda
 What is JDBC?
 Step By Step Usage of JDBC API

ADVANCE JAVA
Steps of Using JDBC
 1.Load DB-specific JDBC driver
 2.Get a Connection object
 3.Get a Statement object
 4.Execute queries and/or updates
 5.Read results
 6.Read Meta-data (optional step)
 7.Close Statement and Connection objects

ADVANCE JAVA
1. Load DB-Specific Database Driver
 To manually load the database driver and register it
with the DriverManager, load its class file
 Class.forName(<database-driver>)
try {
// This loads an instance of the Pointbase DB Driver.
// The driver has to be in the classpath.
Class.forName("org.apache.derby.jdbc.ClientDriver")
;
}catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfe){
System.out.println("" + cnfe);
}
Static Method of ClassClass Name
Database Driver String

ADVANCE JAVA
2. Get a Connection Object
 DriverManager class is responsible for selecting the
database and and creating the database connection
 Using DataSource is a prefered means of getting a
conection object
 Create the database connection as follows:
try {
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:derby://localhost
:1527/sample", “app"," app ");
} catch(SQLException sqle) {
System.out.println("" + sqle);
}
Create the object of Connection Class

ADVANCE JAVA
DriverManager & Connection
 java.sql.DriverManager
 getConnection(String url, String user, String
password) throws SQLException
 java.sql.Connection
 Statement createStatement() throws SQLException
 void close() throws SQLException
 void setAutoCommit(boolean b) throws SQLException
 void commit() throws SQLException
 void rollback() throws SQLException

ADVANCE JAVA
3. Get a Statement Object
 Create a Statement Object from Connection object
 java.sql.Statement
 ResultSet executeQuery(string sql)
 int executeUpdate(String sql)
 Example:
 Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
 The same Statement object can be used for many,
unrelated queries
Create Statement Object

ADVANCE JAVA
4. Executing Query or Update
 From the Statement object, the 2 most used
commands are
 (a) QUERY (SELECT)
 ResultSet rs = statement.executeQuery("select *
from customer_tbl");
 (b) ACTION COMMAND (UPDATE/DELETE)
 int iReturnValue = statement.executeUpdate("update
manufacture_tbl set name = ‘IBM' where mfr_num =
19985678");
Execute select query
Execute update query

ADVANCE JAVA
5. Reading Results
 Loop through ResultSet retrieving information
 java.sql.ResultSet
 boolean next()
 xxx getXxx(int columnNumber)
 xxx getXxx(String columnName)
 void close()
 The iterator is initialized to a position before the first
row
 You must call next() once to move it to the first row

ADVANCE JAVA
5. Reading Results (Continued)
 Once you have the ResultSet, you can easily
retrieve the data by looping through it
while (rs.next()){
// Wrong this will generate an error
String value0 = rs.getString(0);
// Correct!
String value1 = rs.getString(1);
int value2 = rs.getInt(2);
int value3 = rs.getInt(“ADDR_LN1");
}
Move to the next touple while end
Index starts from 1

ADVANCE JAVA
5. Reading Results (Continued)
 When retrieving data from the ResultSet, use the
appropriate getXXX() method
 getString()
 getInt()
 getDouble()
 getObject()
 There is an appropriate getXXX method of each
java.sql.Types datatype

ADVANCE JAVA
6. Read ResultSet MetaData and DatabaseMetaData (Optional)
 Once you have the ResultSet or Connection objects,
you can obtain the Meta Data about the database
or the query
 This gives valuable information about the data that
you are retrieving or the database that you are
using
 ResultSetMetaData rsMeta = rs.getMetaData();
 DatabaseMetaData dbmetadata =
connection.getMetaData();
 There are approximately 150 methods in the
DatabaseMetaData class.
Create the metadata object

ADVANCE JAVA
ResultSetMetaData Example
ResultSetMetaData meta = rs.getMetaData();
//Return the column count
int iColumnCount = meta.getColumnCount();
for (int i =1 ; i <= iColumnCount ; i++){
System.out.println(“Column Name: " +
meta.getColumnName(i));
System.out.println(“Column Type" +
meta.getColumnType(i));
System.out.println("Display Size: " +
meta.getColumnDisplaySize(i) );
System.out.println("Precision: " +
meta.getPrecision(i));
}
No of Cols
Name of Col
Datatype of Col
Precision of Col
Col Display Size

ADVANCE JAVA
Summary
 Introduction to JDBC
 JDBC APIs
 JDBC Drivers
 Database URL
 7 Steps to use JDBC
 Load DB-specific JDBC driver
 Get a Connection object
 Get a Statement object
 Execute queries and/or updates
 Read results
 Read Meta-data (optional step)


JDBC

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JDBC