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Similar to 8.Spraying and Dusting equipment required in farm (20)
8.Spraying and Dusting equipment required in farm
- 1. Plant Protection Equipments Sprayers and Dusters
- 2. Sprayers and Dusters Are used for application of • Herbicide to remove weeds • Fungicide to minimize fungal diseases • Insecticide to control insect / pests • Micronutrients on the plants
- 3. Sprayer • Is a machine used to apply fluids in the form of droplets Functions: • Break the liquid into fine droplets • Distribute the chemical uniformly on the plant surface • Regulate the amount of fluid to avoid excessive application
- 4. Sprayer's classification Based on power source, sprayers may be classified as: (i) Hand operated machines - suitable for small holdings. They are operate pressure ranging from 1 to 7 kg/cm². (ii) Power operated machines - suitable for treating a large area. They are operated pressure ranging from 20 to 55 kg/cm². (iii) Air planes-suitable for large scale work. • Based on pray volume, sprayers may be classified as: • High volume spray (more than 400 litres spray/ha) • Low volume spray (5 to 400 litres, per hectare) • Ultra low volume (ULV) spray (less than 5 litres spray/ha).
- 5. Types of sprayers • Manually Operated – Hand Sprayer – Foot Sprayer – Rocker Sprayer – Knapsack Sprayer – Hand Compression Sprayer – Bucket Pump Sprayer • Power Sprayer
- 6. Hand Sprayer • Consists of small container for solution, plunger pump and nozzle • Provided with single action or continuous action air compression pump • Commonly used in household works and kitchen garden
- 7. Knapsack Sprayer • Consists of a 9-22 liters capacity tank made of brass, galvanized iron and high density polythene • The tank is carried at the back • Adjustable shoulder straps are provided for proper holding • Has a airtight chamber • Hand lever is provided for pumping • A few stroke of pump build up enough pressure in the air chamber
- 8. Components of Knapsack Sprayer • Tank to hold chemical • Hand pump to create pressure • Filtration system behind the nozzle tip to reduce blockages • Control Valve to control pressure and turn of the sprayer • Nozzle tip to control application rate an produce the correct size droplets
- 10. Foot Sprayer • Consists of a container, pump, spray lance or boom with nozzles, control valves, suction and delivery hoses, strainer and handle with foot paddle • Pump consists of two part: – Pump barrel – Pressure chamber • Commonly used in orchards, gardens, tea and coffee states and rubber plantation
- 11. Power Sprayer Types • Knapsack Power Sprayer • Trailer Power Sprayer • Tractor Mounted Power Sprayer • Drone Sprayer (Air Spraying)
- 12. Care and maintenance of sprayer (i) All washers and pickings should be soaked in oil or water before use. (ii) The ends of the nozzle should be unscrewed and cleaned before starting the work. (iii) When spraying is over, the sprayer should be operated for some time with clean water to remove sediments from the pressure vessel and the discharge tube. (iv) for off season storage, the sprayer should properly be kept in a cool and dry place
- 13. Dusters • Are used to apply the chemicals in dry power form. • Consists of: – Hopper – Agitator – Feed control – Fan or Blower – Delivery Nozzle
- 14. Types of Dusters • Plunger Type Hand Duster • Rotary Duster • Power Duster
- 15. Plunger Type Hand Duster • This machine consists of a chamber for the dust, outlet, a cylinder with piston, piston rod and handle. • By moving the piston back and forth in the cylinder, dust is forced through the outlet. • This type of duster is suitable for dusting a small area.
- 16. Rotary Type Hand Duster • This type of duster) is provided with an enclosed fan geared to a hand crank and a hopper holding the dust. • It is equipped with an agitator to stir the dust and a regulator to control the discharge opening. • The right hand is used for cranking and the left hand to guide the discharge tube. • It consists of a hopper, a fan, gear box, handle, delivery hose and a deflector plate. • When the handle is rotated, the fan rotates at high speed and draws air from outside • These dusters can hold about 3.6 to 4.5 kg of dust and are large enough to treat 0.4 to 0.6 hectare of land.
- 17. Power Operated Duster • The power duster of small capacity is generally mounted on the back of the operator. • It consists of cylindrical container, blower, high speed engine and discharge hose pipe. • The cylindrical container is provided with two compartments, one for gasoline, and the other for the powder to be dusted.
- 18. Care and Maintenance of Dusters a. Duster should be thoroughly cleaned before and after use with a suitable brush. b. The hopper should be filled with dust about half of its capacity. c. The lid of the hopper should be closed during the operation. d. In rotary dusters, the handle should be cranked at 30 to 35 rpm for efficient performance. e. Before and after use of the duster, the dust from the fan box, suction pipe and hopper should be thoroughly blown out. f. Pieces of paper, gunny bag and other foreign materials should be prevented from getting into the hopper. g. For motorize knapsack dusters, proper lubrication should be maintained. h. For off season storage, the duster should properly be kept in a cool and dry place.
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