Cell structure, prokaryotice cell, eukaryotic cell, organization of the cell
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The document explains the basic unit of life, the cell, categorizing organisms as unicellular or multicellular. It differentiates between prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus and include bacteria, and eukaryotic cells, which possess a nucleus and include all other cell types. Additionally, it details the various components and organelles of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their specific functions.
Cell structure, prokaryotice cell, eukaryotic cell, organization of the cell
- 1. Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cell Biren Daftary
- 2. What is a Cell? • Cell – Basic unit of living things. Organisms are either: • Unicellular – made of one cell such as bacteria and amoeba. OR • Multicellular – made of many cells such as plants and animals.
- 3. Prokaryotic Cells • In Greek: – Pro = before – karyotic = nucleus • Cells that do not have a nucleus • Bacteria
- 4. Eukaryotic Cells • In Greek: – Eu = True – Karyotic = nucleus • Cells that have a nucleus
- 5. Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic No Nucleus Nucleus No Membrane – covered Organelles Membrane – covered Organelles Circular DNA (in a circle) Linear DNA (in a line) Bacteria All other cells
- 7. What are organelles • Organelles are tiny structures with specific functions within a single cell • Hence organelles function as organs of the cell, each having a specific function
- 10. Parts of a Prokaryotic cell 1. Capsule • Outermost protein covering • Functions: Virulence, attachment to other bacteria 2. Cell wall • Covers the plasma membrane • Rigid layer helps in protection • Cell communication, transport of solutes
- 11. 3. Plasma membrane • Covers the cytoplasm • Cell communication & transport of solutes 4. Cytoplasm • Gel like fluid inside plasma membrane • All the organelles are suspended in it
- 12. 5. DNA • Circular DNA which stores the genetic information and acts like the brain of the cell 6. Ribosome • Small spherical structures responsible for protein synthesis
- 13. 7. Pili & Flagellum • Cilia like or tail like organelles for locomotion of the cell • Extension of the plasma membrane
- 15. Eukaryotic Cell
- 16. Eukaryotic Cell Animal Cell Plant cell
- 18. Organelle Function Cell wall (Plant) Rigidity & structural support Plasma membrane Transport of solutes Cytoplasm Gel like matrix which holds the organelles together Vacuole Storage organelle Nucleus Genetic material & brain of the cell Ribosome Protein synthesis Mitochondria Energy producer of the cell, powerhouse Endoplasmic reticulum Transport of synthesized proteins to Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus Storing & packaging of cellular products Lysosome Digests cellular wastes, suicide bags Cilia & Flagella (Animal) Movement of the cell Chloroplast (Plant) Photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll