Making the right decisions 
in a complex world 
Dr. Graham Willis 
Head of R&D, Centre for Workforce Intelligence 
Canadian Health Workforce Conference
Many years ago…
How many trained hospital doctors 
will we have by 2040? 
Cost
How many do we need? 
2014 2040 
Do we trust this? 
Trained hospital doctors 
(thousands) 
60 
50 
40 
30 
Year 
Supply 
Demand 
?
What if the future is not what we expect? 
System Problem 
Failure 
Policy 
Megatrends 
Events
Consider many futures… 
Expected 
future 
Use plausible, challenging and 
consistent futures to test policies
Robust workforce planning 
Understand 
the system 
Explore 
the future 
Make robust 
decisions 
Simulate the 
possibilities 
Focal 
question 
Transparent and participatory
Horizon scanning 
Context 
Issues 
Factors 
Events 
Ideas bank System mapping
Scenario generation 
Stakeholder workshops 
Influencing 
factors 
Key 
factors 
Consistency 
check 
Narrative 
scenarios 
Quantified 
scenarios
Scenario generation workshop 
Key factors 
Low Impact High 
Predetermined Key factors 
Secondary 
Low Uncertainty High
Scenario generation workshop 
Consistency analysis 
Population GDP growth Energy usage 
Carbon 
emissions 
High 
Low 
B 
A C
Scenario generation workshop 
Quantify critical parameters 
Vary across different 
futures 
Formal elicitation 
protocol 
Monte Carlo simulation 
Probability 
Value
Modeling and simulation 
Demand 
side 
Outputs 
Supply 
side
Policy outcomes 
Policy analysis 
Policy options: A 
B 
C 
D
Example Pharmacy 
Number of pharmacists (full-time equivalent) 
2012 
2014 
2016 
2018 
2020 
2022 
2024 
2026 
2028 
2030 
2032 
2034 
2036 
2038 
2040 
100,000 
80,000 
60,000 
40,000 
20,000 
0 
2012 
2014 
2016 
2018 
2020 
2022 
2024 
2026 
2028 
2030 
2032 
2034 
2036 
2038 
2040 
100,000 
80,000 
60,000 
40,000 
20,000 
0 
2012 
2014 
2016 
2018 
2020 
2022 
2024 
2026 
2028 
2030 
2032 
2034 
2036 
2038 
2040 
100,000 
80,000 
60,000 
40,000 
20,000 
0 
2012 
2014 
2016 
2018 
2020 
2022 
2024 
2026 
2028 
2030 
2032 
2034 
2036 
2038 
2040 
100,000 
80,000 
60,000 
40,000 
20,000 
0 
Year 
Scenario 1 
Scenario 3 
Scenario 2 
Scenario 4
Example Future demand for skills 
Skill hours/Year 
(Billions) 
2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 
Time (Year) 
Probability: 80% 100% 
Central estimate:
Key points 
What if the future is 
not what we expect? 
Consider many futures Transparent and 
participatory approach
Stress testing
Contact details 
Dr Graham Willis 
Head of Research and Development 
Centre for Workforce Intelligence, England 
@ 
+44(0)7812 340 405 
graham.willis@cfwi.org.uk 
www.cfwi.org.uk | www.horizonscanning.org.uk
Making the right decisions 
in a complex world 
Dr. Graham Willis 
Head of R&D, Centre for Workforce Intelligence 
Canadian Health Workforce Conference

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Making the right decisions in a complex world

  • 1. Making the right decisions in a complex world Dr. Graham Willis Head of R&D, Centre for Workforce Intelligence Canadian Health Workforce Conference
  • 3. How many trained hospital doctors will we have by 2040? Cost
  • 4. How many do we need? 2014 2040 Do we trust this? Trained hospital doctors (thousands) 60 50 40 30 Year Supply Demand ?
  • 5. What if the future is not what we expect? System Problem Failure Policy Megatrends Events
  • 6. Consider many futures… Expected future Use plausible, challenging and consistent futures to test policies
  • 7. Robust workforce planning Understand the system Explore the future Make robust decisions Simulate the possibilities Focal question Transparent and participatory
  • 8. Horizon scanning Context Issues Factors Events Ideas bank System mapping
  • 9. Scenario generation Stakeholder workshops Influencing factors Key factors Consistency check Narrative scenarios Quantified scenarios
  • 10. Scenario generation workshop Key factors Low Impact High Predetermined Key factors Secondary Low Uncertainty High
  • 11. Scenario generation workshop Consistency analysis Population GDP growth Energy usage Carbon emissions High Low B A C
  • 12. Scenario generation workshop Quantify critical parameters Vary across different futures Formal elicitation protocol Monte Carlo simulation Probability Value
  • 13. Modeling and simulation Demand side Outputs Supply side
  • 14. Policy outcomes Policy analysis Policy options: A B C D
  • 15. Example Pharmacy Number of pharmacists (full-time equivalent) 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 2038 2040 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 0 Year Scenario 1 Scenario 3 Scenario 2 Scenario 4
  • 16. Example Future demand for skills Skill hours/Year (Billions) 2012 2016 2020 2024 2028 2032 2036 Time (Year) Probability: 80% 100% Central estimate:
  • 17. Key points What if the future is not what we expect? Consider many futures Transparent and participatory approach
  • 19. Contact details Dr Graham Willis Head of Research and Development Centre for Workforce Intelligence, England @ +44(0)7812 340 405 [email protected] www.cfwi.org.uk | www.horizonscanning.org.uk
  • 20. Making the right decisions in a complex world Dr. Graham Willis Head of R&D, Centre for Workforce Intelligence Canadian Health Workforce Conference