Xhtml
- 1. XHTML 1. Introduction 2. First XHTML Example 3. Headings 4. Linking 5. Images 6. Lists 7. Tables 8. Forms
- 2. • T h e E x t e n s i b l e H y p e r t e x t M a r k u p L a n g u a g e . • M a r k u p l a n g u a g e t h a t s p e c i f i e s t h e f o r m a t o f t h e t e x t t h a t i s d i s p l a y e d i n a w e b b r o w s e r s u c h a s : - M i c r o s o f t ’ s I n t e r n e t E x p l o r e r - M o z i l l a F i r e f o x . Introduction
- 4. Elements of an XHTML document html element - encloses the head section (represented by the head element) and the body section (represented by the body element). the head element contains : - information about the XHTML - special document formatting instructions called style sheets and client- side programs called scripts for creating dynamic the body element.
- 5. Elements of an XHTML document XHTML documents delimit an element with start tag - element name in angle brackets (e.g., <html>). end tags - element name preceded by a forward slash (/) in angle brackets (e.g., </html>).
- 6. Headings XHTML provides : six headings - called heading elements, for specifying the relative importance of information
- 7. Headings
- 8. Linking Hyperlink - references to other resources, such as : - XHTML documents - Images. When a user clicks a hyperlink, the browser tries to execute an action associated with it (e.g., navigate to a URL, open an e-mail client, etc.). In XHTML, both text and images can act as hyperlinks. Links are created using the a (anchor) element.
- 9. Linking
- 10. Linking
- 11. Images
- 12. Images Lines 14–15 use an img element to insert an image in the document. The image file’s location is specified with the img element’s src attribute. Every img element in an XHTML document must have an alt attribute. If a browser cannot render an image, the browser displays the alt attribute’s value.
- 13. Using Images as Hyperlinks By using images as hyperlinks, web developers can create graphical web pages that link to other resources. Lines 14–17 create an image hyperlink by nesting an img element in an anchor (a) element.
- 14. Lists The unordered list element ul creates a list in which each item begins with a bullet symbol (called a disc). Each entry in an unordered list (element ul in line 17) is an li (list item) element (lines 19–22). Most web browsers render each li element on a new line with a bullet symbol indented from the beginning of the line.
- 15. Lists
- 16. Nested Lists Lists may be nested to represent hierarchical relationships, as in an outline format. Figure demonstrates nested lists and ordered lists. The ordered list element ol creates a list in which each item begins with a number.
- 19. Tables Tables are frequently used to organize data into rows and columns. Tables are defined with the table element (lines 15–62). Lines 15–17 specify the start tag for a table element that has several attributes. The border attribute specifies the table’s border width in pixels. To create a table without a border, set border to "0". This example assigns attribute width the value "40%" to set the table’s width to 40 percent of the browser’s width.. As its name implies, attribute summary (lines 16–17) describes the table’s contents.
- 21. A table has three distinct : 1. The head section - is defined with a thead element (lines 25–30), which contains header information such as column names. Each tr element (lines 26–29) defines an individual table row. The columns in the head section are defined with th elements. Most browsers center text formatted by th (table header column) elements and display them in bold. Table header elements are nested inside table row elements (lines 27–28).
- 22. 2. The body section - contains the table’s primary data. The table body (lines 43–60) is defined in a tbody element. In the body, each tr element specifies onerow. Data cells contain individual pieces of data and are defined with td (table data) elements in each row.
- 23. 3. The foot section (lines 34–39) is defined with a tfoot (table foot) element. the foot section can contain table rows, and each row can contain cells. Cells in the foot section are created using th elements, instead of the td elements used in the table body.
- 24. Forms XHTML provides a mechanism, called a form, for collecting data from a user. Forms can contain : 1. Visual components – include clickable buttons and other graphical user interface components with which users interact. Nonvisual components, called hidden inputs, store any data that you specify, such as : - email addresses - XHTML document filenames that act as links.
- 26. Bibliography Internet & World Wide Web How to Program , Fourth Edition ,P&H Deitel .