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Similar to Serum Electrolytes (potassium) (20)
Serum Electrolytes (potassium)
- 2. Table of contents 1. Serum Potassium? 2. Clinical importance? 3. Regulation? 4. Significance? 5. Clinical aspects of K 6. Summary
- 3. Serum Potassium? • K+ is the major INTRACELLULAR ION • Normal Range; Serum K+ 3.5-5.0 mmol/L • 75% contains in skeletal muscles. • K+ usually taken up by all body’s cell by NA-K ATPase pump
- 4. Clinical importance: • Potassium is a very significant body mineral, important to both cellular and electrical function. • It is one of the main blood minerals called "electrolytes" (the others are sodium and chloride), which means it carries a tiny electrical charge (potential). • Potassium is the primary positive ion (cation) found within the cells, where 98 percent of the 120 grams of potassium contained in the body is found. • Total potassium in the red blood cells contain 420 mg., which is why a red-blood-cell level is a better indication of an individual's potassium status than the commonly used serum level.
- 5. POTASSIUM REGULATION • External potassium balance is determined by rate of potassium intake (80 meq/day). • Rate of urinary (72 meq/day) and fecal excretion (8 meq/day). • Internal potassium balance depends on distribution of potassium between muscle, bone, liver, and RBC and the extracellular fluid.
- 7. PotassiumTaken up by the cells • Potassium ion transported into the cell by Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. • Any thing inhibits Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase lead to elevated ECF potassium or any thing stimulate Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase leads to decrease ECF potassium.
- 8. Factors Regulatecellularuptake of Potassium; • Cellular uptake of potassium is regulated by; • Insulin, • Acid -base status, • Aldosterone, • Adrenergic activity
- 9. Significance of Potassium WATER BALANCE: Along with sodium, Potassium regulates the water balance in the blood and tissues. ACID-BASE BALANCE: it regulates the acid-base balance in the blood and tissues. SODIUM-POTASSIUM EXCHANGE: Potassium enters the cell more readily than does sodium and initiate and boost up the sodium-potassium exchange across the cell membranes. CONDUCTION OF NERVE IMPULSES: In the nerve cells, this sodium-potassium flux generates the electrical potential that aids the conduction of nerve impulses. Sodium-potassium pump created electrical potential gradient which helps generate muscle contractions and regulates the heartbeat. MAINTENANCE OF STRUCTURE OF CELLS: Most important functions is preventing the swelling of cells. If sodium is not pumped out, water accumulates within the cell causing it to swell and ultimately burst.
- 10. Significance of Potassium • Potassium is very important in cellular biochemical reactions and energy metabolism; • it participates in the synthesis of protein from amino acids in the cell. • It also role in carbohydrate metabolism; it is active in glycogen and glucose metabolism, converting glucose to glycogen that can be stored in the liver for future energy. • Potassium is important for normal growth and for building muscle.
- 18. SOURCES OF POTASSIUM • Potassium is found in a wide range of foods. Many fruits and vegetables are high in potassium and low in sodium and help PREVENT HYPERTENSION. • Most of the potassium is lost when processing or canning foods, while less is lost from frozen fruits or vegetables. • Leafy green vegetables such as spinach, parsley, and lettuce, as well as broccoli, peas, lima beans, tomatoes, and potatoes all have significant levels of potassium. • Fruits that contain this mineral include oranges and other citrus fruits, bananas, apples, avocados, raisins, and apricots, particularly dried. Whole grains, wheat germ, seeds, and nuts are high-potassium foods. Fish such as salmon, sardines, and cod are rich in potassium.