Micro_Controllers_lab1_Intro_to_Arduino.pptx

AGENDA
• Micro processors VS Micro-Controllers
• Arduino Boards
• Digital I/O Pins
• IDE & Software Development
• Timing

Micro processor
• an IC which has only the CPU inside
• Examples : Intel’s Pentium 1,2,3,4, core 2 duo, i3,
i5 etc
• doesn’t have RAM, ROM, and other peripherals
on the chip.
• Used in applications where tasks are unspecific
like developing software, games, websites, photo
editing, creating documents

Micro controller
• Has a CPU, in addition with a fixed amount of RAM, ROM and other
peripherals all embedded on a single chip.
• Sometimes called computers on chip.
• are designed to perform specific tasks.
• For example, keyboards, mouse, washing machine, remote,
microwave, cars, bikes, telephone, mobiles and watches.

Arduino and Microcontroller
Atmega328p
• A microcontroller created by Atmel
• in the megaAVR family
• Has a modified Harvard architecture 8-
bit RISC processor core.
• 32 KB ISP flash memory
• 32 general purpose working registers
• …. and many other things

What if we can replace them all in one chip???

ARDUINO BOARD
• Ready to use Board
• Atmega µC
• Plug-n-Play
• Open Source
• Arduino language is based on c and c++ [reference provided]
• Large Community

ARDUINO BOARD COMPONENTS
• Power Circuit
• Digital Pins
• Analog Pins
• Serial Protocols
• USB Interface

MAPPING BETWEEN ATMEGA AND
ARDUINO UNO I/O PINS

INSTALL THE ARDUINO IDE
• Download from
www.arduino.cc
• Free
• Easy to Use
• Code & Upload

ARDUINO IDE
• Sketch
• Arduino Project
• Setup
• Runs at Start-up (1 time)
• Initialization
• Loop
• Runs after “Setup”
• Program Logic
• Runs forever

ARDUINO LANGUAGE
• Embedded C (Similar to C++)
• Data types (int, float, char, …)
• Functions
• Conditional statements (If … else)
• Loop statements (for / while)
• Use Libraries (math, string, …)
• New Functions & Libraries
• Deal with I/O Ports
• Protocols

ARDUINO LANGUAGE
• Data types:
• boolean val = false ;
• Char chr_a = ‘a’;
• Char chr_c = 97 ;
• byte m = 25 ;
• int counter = 32 ;
• Unsigned int counter = 60 ;
• word w = 1000 ;
• Long velocity = 102346 ;
• short val = 13 ;
• float num = 1.352;
• double num = 45.352 ;

ARDUINO LANGUAGE
• Data types ( char arrays)
• char like[] = "I like coffee and cake"; // create a string
• like[12] = 't’;
• char str[40];
• num = strlen(str); // get the length of the string (excludes null terminator)
• All the string c library applies here.
• We can define arrays with other datatypes.

ARDUINO LANGUAGE
• Variable scopes:
• Local variables
• Global variables: available for use throughout your entire program after its
declaration.
• example
Int T , S ;
float c = 0 ; Global variable declaration
Void setup () {
}

ARDUINO LANGUAGE
• Operators:
• Arithmetic (+,-,*,/,%,=)
• Comparison (==, !=,<,>,<=,>=)
• Boolean ( &&,||,! )
• Bitwise (&,|,^,~,<<,>>)
• Compound ( +=, -= , …. )

ARDUINO LANGUAGE
• Control statements:
• If else is example:
if (expression_1) {
Block of statements;
}
else if(expression_2) {
}
.
.
.
else {
}

ARDUINO LANGUAGE
• Debugging:
• Open the serial monitor
Void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
// send data only when you receive data:
if (Serial.available() > 0) {
// read the incoming byte:
incomingByte = Serial.read();
char str[] = "This is my string"; // create a string
Serial.print("String length is: ");
Serial.println(str);
}

DIGITAL I/O PINS
• Digital Pin could work as
• Input
• Output
• Special Functionality
• Functions we may use
• pinMode(pin_num, mode) //mode=INPUT/OUTPUT
• digitalWrite(pin_num, value) //value=HIGH/LOW
• value = digitalRead(pin_num)
• delay(50) ; the time is measured in milliseconds

• Write Arduino code that sums the elements in array of
10 integers defined as a global variable integer array
[87, 68, 94, 100, 83, 78, 85, 91, 76, 87 ]
• Make each loop print to the serial one integer only
• Make a delay of 0.5 second between each print
• Print every integer in a new line
Ex1

BASIC CIRCUITS (LEDS)
• Connecting LEDs
• A typical Red LED has a voltage drop
of 1.8 V and a current of about 25mA
and the Arduino Pin has an output of 5V.
Using these values,
the resistor calculation is:
V = (power source) - (Voltage Drop)
= 5V - 1.8V = 3.2 V
, I = 25 mA
, R = V/I
so R = 3.2/0.025 = 128 Ohms.
3.2 volt ,25 mA and 128ohm
1.8 volt and 25mA

BASIC CIRCUITS (MULTIPLE BOARDS)
• Common Ground

FUNCTIONS TO USE
• pinMode(pin, INPUT/OUTPUT);
• digitalWrite(pin, HIGH/LOW);
• delay(time_ms);

TIMING
• We need to make delays
• Arduino has different Timing Functions
• delay(ms_time)
• delayMicroseconds(µs_time)
• millis()
• Returns the num of milliseconds from start of Arduino
• micros()
• Returns the num of microseconds from start of Arduino
• Value depends on Arduino Freq

EXERCISE TIME
• Connect a button to pin
2
• An onboard LED is
attached to pin 13
• Ex2)
• the blinking LED Example
• LED (on) for 1 sec then
(off) for 1 sec
• Ex3)
Write a LED on/off program
• Button Pressed -> LED on
• Button Released -> LED off
• EX2)
• Write a LED toggle program
• Button Pressed -> Toggle LED
state
• The led is initially off.

Micro_Controllers_lab1_Intro_to_Arduino.pptx

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