Improved Good put using Harvest-Then-Transmit Protocol for Video Transfer
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This document presents the Harvest-Then-Transmit (HTT) protocol designed to improve video transmission over wireless networks by selecting energy-efficient paths. The proposed protocol demonstrates enhancements in overall goodput by up to 10%, a packet delivery rate increase of 12%, and a reduction of end-to-end delay by 3% compared to existing methods. Simulation results indicate that HTT effectively addresses issues related to end-to-end delay and packet loss in multifaceted wireless environments.
![Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications
Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290
3316
Improved Good put using Harvest-Then-Transmit
Protocol for Video Transfer
Ms. Kishori Shendokar
Department of Computer Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi, Pune
Email: kishorisg2@gmail.com
Mrs. Rajeshwari M Goudar
Department of Computer Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi, Pune
Email :rmgoudar@comp.maepune.ac.in
-------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------------------
In multiple wireless networks, large end-to-end delay and packet losses can decrease meaningfully the traffic
flowgoodput due to path irregularity and multiplicity. To report these problems, current methods are proposed
by using management of queue and decision making process. Hence, this paper proposesa Harvest-Then-Transmit
(HTT) Protocol which selects an energy efficient path based on multiple parameters i.e. energy, delay,
transmission time and perform transmission of video to handle number of video packets. A multipath
environment is establishing where a server performs transferring of video along the energy efficient path of
wireless network. Simulation shows the proposed protocol improves the overall goodput up to 10%, increases
packet delivery rate up to 12%, and reduces end-to-end delay up to 3%, compared to existing system.
Keywords –End-to-end Delay, Goodput, HTT, Real-time Traffic, Wireless Networks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: July 31, 2017 Date of Acceptance: August 10, 2017
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The improvement in wireless infrastructures and hand-
held gadgets allow mobile users to get multimedia
contents with wide spread access routes. The network
heterogeneity, high availability and connectivity to various
access medium, which increased chances to find multiple
paths between the end devices[4]. Still, the enriched
throughput may lead to longer end- to-end delays, which
turn in rapid video feature degradation. Goodput varies
from throughput as it signifies the sum of data received by
the target successfully within the limited deadline. Multi-
path transport protocol enhances multipath transmission to
TCP. In the recent decade, there is widespread use of
Wire- less communication networks. Different handlers
are accessing the wireless communication networks like
businessmen for their e-commerce events, scientists for
their research events, students for their studies, doctors for
medical emergencies, kids for gaming and common men
for communication (like Face Time), entertainment (audio,
video, online TV) etc.[5].
Wireless communication networks of next generation
are facilitated with heterogeneity where multiple wireless
technologies exist together. At the overlapping coverage
areas of these multiple technologies, a receiver can access
multiple interfaces simultaneously. This paper proposes
a Harvest-Then-Transmit (HTT) protocol in which we
have considered multiple parameters like energy, delay,
and congestion to select the energy efficient and
congestion free paths among selected paths. In the
proposed work, a multipath environment is establishing
where a server performs forwarding of video packets
through base stations to the client along efficient path.
Reordering of the received video packets is performed at
the client before giving to the application. In HTT, due to
energy efficient path selection, congestion free path
finding and equally distribution of load based on capacity
makes the proposed solution perform better than the
existing approach. Our simulation results show that HTT
improve the overall goodput and packet delivery rate with
decrease in end-to-end delay.
The rest of the paper is formed as specified. Highlight
on previous research work is described in the related work
section. Introduction of the architecture and system flow is
done in the proposed work. Experiments conducted and
data collected to evaluate the proposed work is described
in Experiments and results section. Finally, conclusion of
the paper is done.
2. RELATED WORK
An Online Policy Iteration (OPI) algorithm has developed
to use a route state examination observes tool, one after
another principle and capture the blocking positions of
overlay paths [1]. The Join Shortest Queue (JSQ)
procedure preferred the initial strategy. When a new
information bin reached, algorithm detect the present
structure state and proceed a suitable action by succeeding
the current strategy to allocate the data bin. It calculates
the instant return for the action taken. Effective Delay
Controlled Load Distribution (EDCLD) presented to
diminish the latency alterations between different network
routes for tumbling packet rearranging at the other end and
to capably sense of stability load through these routes [2].
It contained of three useful constituents as first traffic
separator to rise flow rate distribution share for different](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/v9i1-5-170901073539/85/Improved-Good-put-using-Harvest-Then-Transmit-Protocol-for-Video-Transfer-1-320.jpg)
![Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications
Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290
3317
routes, second path chooser to select a suitable route for
individually packet, and at last capacity connector to
vigorously approximation the end-to-end intervals on
individually route.
A MultiPath LOss Tolerant (MPLOT) transport
protocol has proposed [3]. By using end-to-end multiple
paths, it increased bandwidth pertaining to very high and
burst loss rates. This protocol provided the bandwidth
aggregation on several path with improved goodput,
through different path even though existence of various
delay within the paths. This protocol built on the standard
of splitting uniformity and congestion control. It used
erasure codes within the paths to provide consistency
joined with loss rate calculation at the total-level through
the paths. However, an intelligent packet mapping drawing
like the robust rank establish method was being used
through MPLOT required to make prominent use of the
aggregate goodput among the diverse plus dynamic
module paths. By transferring the latest response on the
best path also mapping packages, effects were being
realized and found upon a rank operate that values smaller
round trip time, minor loss, and greater capability path on
various paths. It has authorities to achieve an essential
adjustment point within goodput as well as delay and
boundary the amount of re- sending required in order
to block-data retrieval. In totaling to transporting
considerably, greater goodput compared to extra multipath
carrying protocols and also succeeds a lesser delay. Thus,
making it further proper for a big assortment of requests
that seek consistent distribution under defeat
circumstances. Protocol being used for varied choices of
requests efficiently to deliver well efficiency with upper
goodput and poorer delay than left over protocols under
extensive sequence of link circumstances.
3. PROPOSED WORK
In this section, proposed work is described by mentioning
the Harvest-Then-Transmit Protocol (HTT) with the help
of system architecture, algorithm and the system flow
indicating various activities carried out. As per the
analysis of existing model, most of the protocols are
considering the parameters (energy, delay) to find out the
efficient path. This sometimes may result and chooses
longer path, path with congestion, path with less energy
etc. Different load distribution techniques have been
proposed in which energy parameter is not considered. So,
we have proposed harvest-then-transmit protocol which
selects the efficient path by considering multiple
parameters and efficiently distribute the video packet
between generated efficient paths based on above
observations. Proposed protocol first harvesting energy of
node and also transmit the video file along the energy
efficient path. The basic purpose of proposed system is to
improve goodput and packet delivery rate and reduce the
delay of transmitted video over wireless network.
3.1Working of HTT
HTT protocol uses multi-path transmission capability of
wireless network to carried out video transmission. A
source wants to send video file to destination, discovers
multiple paths connecting through the base station. First
source harvesting video file along energy efficient path i.e.
divide video packets in between energy efficient path. At
destination, rearrange all the video packets. During video
transmission, destination node selects the efficient path
along with higher energy, computes its capacity and
transmit the video packet according to its packet carrying
capacity. A multiple overlap network integrating multiple
communication paths between two terminals. The end-to-
end connection can be constructed by binding a pair of IP
addresses from the source and destination node,
respectively. The flow rate allocator is responsible for
partitioning the input traffic into several sub-flows and
dispatching each of them to the available paths. The
allocated sub-flows will be temporarily stored in the
sending buffers for different communication path. The
system overview of the proposed protocol as shown in
below Figure 1.
Figure 1: Architecture for Video Transmission
3.2 HTT Energy Efficient Path
When source wants to transmit video to destination it will
check all available paths. First assign the energy to each
node and capacity to transmit video packets. A source
node starts broadcasting a path to select energy efficient
path. Proposed protocol considers multiple parameters
while selecting an efficient path within the source and
destination. Proposed protocol harvesting the video file
along efficient path within source and destination and then
transmits to destination. To attain goodput for transfer of
video using harvest-then-transmit protocol at the ends of
sender and receiver performing transmission of video
packets over multiple path of wireless network.A harvest-
then-transmit algorithm is implemented at server side that
takes the video file to be transferred and forwards along
the energy efficient path depending on the size of file and
available energy efficiency. At the time of transfer, first
video file divided into packets by dynamically considering
the traffic of network and harvest-then-transmit algorithm
performs sending of packets along the energy efficient
paths.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/v9i1-5-170901073539/85/Improved-Good-put-using-Harvest-Then-Transmit-Protocol-for-Video-Transfer-2-320.jpg)
![Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications
Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290
3318
Algorithm 1: Algorithm at Server
Input:video file
Output: Video Packets, METADATA
Begin:
Let P be set of paths
Check for available paths p
for each path p in P
do
Check available energy
Calculate round-triptime
end
ASSIGN energy to nodes in P
end for
if video file ≤ available energy efficiency then
call efficient-path-transfer()
Perform video harvesting
ASSIGN sequences to packets
Create METADATA
Send METADATA to client
Send video packets to client
Update free resources of path p
end
Algorithm at Client
At the receiver side, there are chances of receiving the
packets as out of order. An algorithm to reorder the
packets is implementing at receiver. This performs
reordering of packets before delivering to the application.
Algorithm 2: Algorithm at Client
Begin:
REQUEST video file
CHECK energy efficient paths
Transmission of video packets
Send request to server
Receive METADATA of packets
PERFORM transmitting of video packets
PERFORM reordering of packets
Give OUTPUT to applications.
end
3.3Video Transmission
The system flow is as illustrated in Figure 2. A video
file transmission is requested by the client. The server
picks the video file from the database. In order to improve
transmission goodput, a harvest-then-transmit algorithm is
applied and then file is transferred. This video file is
divided into video packets of fixed size say 1000 bytes and
maximum utilization algorithm is used to forward the
packets along efficient paths [6]. The packets are assigned
a sequencing number as packet id. At the receiver side, a
buffer is maintained to receive the arrival packets through
efficient path. There are chances of encountering packets
arriving as out of order. Based on packet id of each packet,
reordering of the packets is done so as to restore original
video before delivering to the application.
Figure 2: System Flow
4. PERFORMANCE METRICS
The evaluation results are measured with the performance
metrics as mentioned below:
4.1 Goodput
As the video packets are transferred along energy efficient
path and there is chance of arriving as out of order, it leads
to distortion of video file. Hence, measure the goodput as
number of useful information bits successfully received
within limited time considering 20 % network overhead.
Incorporation of harvest-then-transmit algorithm enhances
to get better goodput in the proposed system. Comparison
of video files transmitted in base system and proposed
system with harvest-then-transmit protocol as shown in
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Transmission Goodput](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/v9i1-5-170901073539/85/Improved-Good-put-using-Harvest-Then-Transmit-Protocol-for-Video-Transfer-3-320.jpg)
![Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications
Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290
3319
4.2 End to End Delay
The time taken to transmit a complete video file is the
transmission time. Here, as the video file is divided into
packets and sent along efficient path, transmission time is
reduced. As incorporating harvesting data and then
transmit file, it further reduces the transmission time.
Comparison of transmission time in existing system and
proposed system using harvest-then-transmit protocol is
done in Figure 4. There is 5-10% reduction in transmission
time.
Figure 4. End to End Delay
4.3Packet Delivery Rate
The percentage of video packets received by the client
with respect to the number of video packets sent by the
server is calculated as packet delivery rate. Comparison of
packet delivery rate with existing system and proposed
system using harvest-then-transmit protocol is done in
Figure 5. There is 20- 30 % increase in video packet
delivery rate in the proposed system.
Figure 5. Packet Delivery Rate
5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Experiments on a transmission of various video files of
different sizes are carried out and measure the different
parameters considered in the previous section. The video
files differing in size as around 100KB, 200KB, 300KB,
400KB, 500KB, and 700KB are considered and
transmitted. Transmission goodput is designed as fraction
of whole number of bytes expected to total number of
bytes directed with the 20 % minimum network overhead
for video transmission. The graph that gives comparison of
existing system and proposed system incorporating first
harvesting video then transmit video is as shown in Figure
6. Here, increased in transmission goodput can be seen in
proposed system with respect to different video size which
is main goal of the work.
Figure 6. Comparison of Transmission Goodput
6. CONCLUSION
The growth of real-time traffic over the internet has
become a major dynamic strength for multihomed
communication sover corresponding network paths.
Network traffic which causes congestion and results in fast
depletion of energy is not taking into consideration while
selecting the path. In network infrastructures, it is
challenge to effectively deliver applications with stringent
delay, goodput, and reliability requirements. So, we have
proposed harvest-then-transmit (HTT) protocol. Proposed
protocol first harvesting energy efficient path at trans- port
layer of network. Hence, harvesting the video file and then
transmit through energy efficient path is attained.
Simulation results shows that HTT protocols performs
better compared to existing system and improves the
overall goodput up to 8%, increases packet delivery rate
up to 12%, and reduces end to end delay up to 3%. In
future, also reduces the response time of the system
exponentially and traffic on network.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I take immense pleasure in expressing my humble note of
gratitude to my guide Mrs. Rajeshwari M Goudar,
Associate Professor, Department of Computer
Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi, Pune
for their cooperation and support. Authors are also
thankful to all those who have directly or indirectly
provided their overwhelming support during the paper.
REFERENCES
[1] Bui V., Zhu W., A Markovian approach to Multipath
Data Transfer in Overlay Networks, IEEE
Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,
21(10), 2010, 1398-1411.
[2] PrabhavatS., NishiyamaH., AnsariN. and KatoN.,
Effective Delay-Controlled Load Distribution over
Multipath Networks, IEEE Transactions on Parallel
and Distributed Systems, 22(10), 1730-1741, 2011.
[3] Sharma V., Kar K., Ramakrishnan K. K., A
Transport Protocol to Exploit Multipath Diversity in
Wireless Networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on
Networking, 20(4), 1024-1039, 2012.
[4] XuC., LiuT., GuanJ., Zhang H. and
MuteanG.M., CMT-QA:Quality-Aware Adaptive
Concurrent Multipath Data Transfer in
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, IEEE](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/v9i1-5-170901073539/85/Improved-Good-put-using-Harvest-Then-Transmit-Protocol-for-Video-Transfer-4-320.jpg)
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Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290
3320
Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(11), 2193-
2205, 2013.
[5] Seetha RamanS., Srikanth S., Integrated approach
towards Bandwidth Aggregation (BAG) in
multihomed devices, 3rd International Conference
on Signal Processing, Communication and
Networking (ICSCN) March 2015.
[6] Prabhavat S.,Nishiyama H., AnsariN., and KatoN.,
On Load Distribution over Multipath Networks,
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[7] WuJ., YuenC., ChengB., ShangY., ChenJ., Goodput-
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[8] Suhaimi A. Latif, Mosharrof H. Masud, Farhat
Anwar and Md. Khorshed Alam, An Investigation
of Scheduling and Packet Reordering Algorithms for
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[9] Ferlin S., Dreibholz T. and Alay O.,
Multipath transport over heterogeneous wireless
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[10] Chebrolu K. and RaoR. R., Bandwidth aggregation
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5(4), 388-403, 2006.
[11] WuJ., YuenC., ChengB., YangY., WangM. and
ChenJ., Bandwidth-Efficient Multipath Transport
Protocol for Quality-Guaranteed Real-Time Video
Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, IEEE
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2493, 2016.
[12] Kim J-O., Ueda T., Obana S., MAC
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Authors Biography
Ms. Kishori Shendokar is pursuing
M.E. in Computer Engineering at MIT
Academy of Engineering, Alandi,
Pune. She has completed B.E. CSE
from Sant Gagde Baba University
Amaravati. Her research interests include computer
networking and mobile computing.
Mrs. Rajeshwari M. Goudar is an
associate professor of Computer
Engineering Department at MIT
Academy of Engineering, Alandi,
Pune. Her research interest includes
areas of computer networking, network security and
operating system.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/v9i1-5-170901073539/85/Improved-Good-put-using-Harvest-Then-Transmit-Protocol-for-Video-Transfer-5-320.jpg)
Improved Good put using Harvest-Then-Transmit Protocol for Video Transfer
- 1. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290 3316 Improved Good put using Harvest-Then-Transmit Protocol for Video Transfer Ms. Kishori Shendokar Department of Computer Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi, Pune Email: [email protected] Mrs. Rajeshwari M Goudar Department of Computer Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi, Pune Email :[email protected] -------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------------------- In multiple wireless networks, large end-to-end delay and packet losses can decrease meaningfully the traffic flowgoodput due to path irregularity and multiplicity. To report these problems, current methods are proposed by using management of queue and decision making process. Hence, this paper proposesa Harvest-Then-Transmit (HTT) Protocol which selects an energy efficient path based on multiple parameters i.e. energy, delay, transmission time and perform transmission of video to handle number of video packets. A multipath environment is establishing where a server performs transferring of video along the energy efficient path of wireless network. Simulation shows the proposed protocol improves the overall goodput up to 10%, increases packet delivery rate up to 12%, and reduces end-to-end delay up to 3%, compared to existing system. Keywords –End-to-end Delay, Goodput, HTT, Real-time Traffic, Wireless Networks. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: July 31, 2017 Date of Acceptance: August 10, 2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION The improvement in wireless infrastructures and hand- held gadgets allow mobile users to get multimedia contents with wide spread access routes. The network heterogeneity, high availability and connectivity to various access medium, which increased chances to find multiple paths between the end devices[4]. Still, the enriched throughput may lead to longer end- to-end delays, which turn in rapid video feature degradation. Goodput varies from throughput as it signifies the sum of data received by the target successfully within the limited deadline. Multi- path transport protocol enhances multipath transmission to TCP. In the recent decade, there is widespread use of Wire- less communication networks. Different handlers are accessing the wireless communication networks like businessmen for their e-commerce events, scientists for their research events, students for their studies, doctors for medical emergencies, kids for gaming and common men for communication (like Face Time), entertainment (audio, video, online TV) etc.[5]. Wireless communication networks of next generation are facilitated with heterogeneity where multiple wireless technologies exist together. At the overlapping coverage areas of these multiple technologies, a receiver can access multiple interfaces simultaneously. This paper proposes a Harvest-Then-Transmit (HTT) protocol in which we have considered multiple parameters like energy, delay, and congestion to select the energy efficient and congestion free paths among selected paths. In the proposed work, a multipath environment is establishing where a server performs forwarding of video packets through base stations to the client along efficient path. Reordering of the received video packets is performed at the client before giving to the application. In HTT, due to energy efficient path selection, congestion free path finding and equally distribution of load based on capacity makes the proposed solution perform better than the existing approach. Our simulation results show that HTT improve the overall goodput and packet delivery rate with decrease in end-to-end delay. The rest of the paper is formed as specified. Highlight on previous research work is described in the related work section. Introduction of the architecture and system flow is done in the proposed work. Experiments conducted and data collected to evaluate the proposed work is described in Experiments and results section. Finally, conclusion of the paper is done. 2. RELATED WORK An Online Policy Iteration (OPI) algorithm has developed to use a route state examination observes tool, one after another principle and capture the blocking positions of overlay paths [1]. The Join Shortest Queue (JSQ) procedure preferred the initial strategy. When a new information bin reached, algorithm detect the present structure state and proceed a suitable action by succeeding the current strategy to allocate the data bin. It calculates the instant return for the action taken. Effective Delay Controlled Load Distribution (EDCLD) presented to diminish the latency alterations between different network routes for tumbling packet rearranging at the other end and to capably sense of stability load through these routes [2]. It contained of three useful constituents as first traffic separator to rise flow rate distribution share for different
- 2. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290 3317 routes, second path chooser to select a suitable route for individually packet, and at last capacity connector to vigorously approximation the end-to-end intervals on individually route. A MultiPath LOss Tolerant (MPLOT) transport protocol has proposed [3]. By using end-to-end multiple paths, it increased bandwidth pertaining to very high and burst loss rates. This protocol provided the bandwidth aggregation on several path with improved goodput, through different path even though existence of various delay within the paths. This protocol built on the standard of splitting uniformity and congestion control. It used erasure codes within the paths to provide consistency joined with loss rate calculation at the total-level through the paths. However, an intelligent packet mapping drawing like the robust rank establish method was being used through MPLOT required to make prominent use of the aggregate goodput among the diverse plus dynamic module paths. By transferring the latest response on the best path also mapping packages, effects were being realized and found upon a rank operate that values smaller round trip time, minor loss, and greater capability path on various paths. It has authorities to achieve an essential adjustment point within goodput as well as delay and boundary the amount of re- sending required in order to block-data retrieval. In totaling to transporting considerably, greater goodput compared to extra multipath carrying protocols and also succeeds a lesser delay. Thus, making it further proper for a big assortment of requests that seek consistent distribution under defeat circumstances. Protocol being used for varied choices of requests efficiently to deliver well efficiency with upper goodput and poorer delay than left over protocols under extensive sequence of link circumstances. 3. PROPOSED WORK In this section, proposed work is described by mentioning the Harvest-Then-Transmit Protocol (HTT) with the help of system architecture, algorithm and the system flow indicating various activities carried out. As per the analysis of existing model, most of the protocols are considering the parameters (energy, delay) to find out the efficient path. This sometimes may result and chooses longer path, path with congestion, path with less energy etc. Different load distribution techniques have been proposed in which energy parameter is not considered. So, we have proposed harvest-then-transmit protocol which selects the efficient path by considering multiple parameters and efficiently distribute the video packet between generated efficient paths based on above observations. Proposed protocol first harvesting energy of node and also transmit the video file along the energy efficient path. The basic purpose of proposed system is to improve goodput and packet delivery rate and reduce the delay of transmitted video over wireless network. 3.1Working of HTT HTT protocol uses multi-path transmission capability of wireless network to carried out video transmission. A source wants to send video file to destination, discovers multiple paths connecting through the base station. First source harvesting video file along energy efficient path i.e. divide video packets in between energy efficient path. At destination, rearrange all the video packets. During video transmission, destination node selects the efficient path along with higher energy, computes its capacity and transmit the video packet according to its packet carrying capacity. A multiple overlap network integrating multiple communication paths between two terminals. The end-to- end connection can be constructed by binding a pair of IP addresses from the source and destination node, respectively. The flow rate allocator is responsible for partitioning the input traffic into several sub-flows and dispatching each of them to the available paths. The allocated sub-flows will be temporarily stored in the sending buffers for different communication path. The system overview of the proposed protocol as shown in below Figure 1. Figure 1: Architecture for Video Transmission 3.2 HTT Energy Efficient Path When source wants to transmit video to destination it will check all available paths. First assign the energy to each node and capacity to transmit video packets. A source node starts broadcasting a path to select energy efficient path. Proposed protocol considers multiple parameters while selecting an efficient path within the source and destination. Proposed protocol harvesting the video file along efficient path within source and destination and then transmits to destination. To attain goodput for transfer of video using harvest-then-transmit protocol at the ends of sender and receiver performing transmission of video packets over multiple path of wireless network.A harvest- then-transmit algorithm is implemented at server side that takes the video file to be transferred and forwards along the energy efficient path depending on the size of file and available energy efficiency. At the time of transfer, first video file divided into packets by dynamically considering the traffic of network and harvest-then-transmit algorithm performs sending of packets along the energy efficient paths.
- 3. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290 3318 Algorithm 1: Algorithm at Server Input:video file Output: Video Packets, METADATA Begin: Let P be set of paths Check for available paths p for each path p in P do Check available energy Calculate round-triptime end ASSIGN energy to nodes in P end for if video file ≤ available energy efficiency then call efficient-path-transfer() Perform video harvesting ASSIGN sequences to packets Create METADATA Send METADATA to client Send video packets to client Update free resources of path p end Algorithm at Client At the receiver side, there are chances of receiving the packets as out of order. An algorithm to reorder the packets is implementing at receiver. This performs reordering of packets before delivering to the application. Algorithm 2: Algorithm at Client Begin: REQUEST video file CHECK energy efficient paths Transmission of video packets Send request to server Receive METADATA of packets PERFORM transmitting of video packets PERFORM reordering of packets Give OUTPUT to applications. end 3.3Video Transmission The system flow is as illustrated in Figure 2. A video file transmission is requested by the client. The server picks the video file from the database. In order to improve transmission goodput, a harvest-then-transmit algorithm is applied and then file is transferred. This video file is divided into video packets of fixed size say 1000 bytes and maximum utilization algorithm is used to forward the packets along efficient paths [6]. The packets are assigned a sequencing number as packet id. At the receiver side, a buffer is maintained to receive the arrival packets through efficient path. There are chances of encountering packets arriving as out of order. Based on packet id of each packet, reordering of the packets is done so as to restore original video before delivering to the application. Figure 2: System Flow 4. PERFORMANCE METRICS The evaluation results are measured with the performance metrics as mentioned below: 4.1 Goodput As the video packets are transferred along energy efficient path and there is chance of arriving as out of order, it leads to distortion of video file. Hence, measure the goodput as number of useful information bits successfully received within limited time considering 20 % network overhead. Incorporation of harvest-then-transmit algorithm enhances to get better goodput in the proposed system. Comparison of video files transmitted in base system and proposed system with harvest-then-transmit protocol as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. Transmission Goodput
- 4. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290 3319 4.2 End to End Delay The time taken to transmit a complete video file is the transmission time. Here, as the video file is divided into packets and sent along efficient path, transmission time is reduced. As incorporating harvesting data and then transmit file, it further reduces the transmission time. Comparison of transmission time in existing system and proposed system using harvest-then-transmit protocol is done in Figure 4. There is 5-10% reduction in transmission time. Figure 4. End to End Delay 4.3Packet Delivery Rate The percentage of video packets received by the client with respect to the number of video packets sent by the server is calculated as packet delivery rate. Comparison of packet delivery rate with existing system and proposed system using harvest-then-transmit protocol is done in Figure 5. There is 20- 30 % increase in video packet delivery rate in the proposed system. Figure 5. Packet Delivery Rate 5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Experiments on a transmission of various video files of different sizes are carried out and measure the different parameters considered in the previous section. The video files differing in size as around 100KB, 200KB, 300KB, 400KB, 500KB, and 700KB are considered and transmitted. Transmission goodput is designed as fraction of whole number of bytes expected to total number of bytes directed with the 20 % minimum network overhead for video transmission. The graph that gives comparison of existing system and proposed system incorporating first harvesting video then transmit video is as shown in Figure 6. Here, increased in transmission goodput can be seen in proposed system with respect to different video size which is main goal of the work. Figure 6. Comparison of Transmission Goodput 6. CONCLUSION The growth of real-time traffic over the internet has become a major dynamic strength for multihomed communication sover corresponding network paths. Network traffic which causes congestion and results in fast depletion of energy is not taking into consideration while selecting the path. In network infrastructures, it is challenge to effectively deliver applications with stringent delay, goodput, and reliability requirements. So, we have proposed harvest-then-transmit (HTT) protocol. Proposed protocol first harvesting energy efficient path at trans- port layer of network. Hence, harvesting the video file and then transmit through energy efficient path is attained. Simulation results shows that HTT protocols performs better compared to existing system and improves the overall goodput up to 8%, increases packet delivery rate up to 12%, and reduces end to end delay up to 3%. In future, also reduces the response time of the system exponentially and traffic on network. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I take immense pleasure in expressing my humble note of gratitude to my guide Mrs. Rajeshwari M Goudar, Associate Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi, Pune for their cooperation and support. Authors are also thankful to all those who have directly or indirectly provided their overwhelming support during the paper. REFERENCES [1] Bui V., Zhu W., A Markovian approach to Multipath Data Transfer in Overlay Networks, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 21(10), 2010, 1398-1411. [2] PrabhavatS., NishiyamaH., AnsariN. and KatoN., Effective Delay-Controlled Load Distribution over Multipath Networks, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 22(10), 1730-1741, 2011. [3] Sharma V., Kar K., Ramakrishnan K. K., A Transport Protocol to Exploit Multipath Diversity in Wireless Networks, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 20(4), 1024-1039, 2012. [4] XuC., LiuT., GuanJ., Zhang H. and MuteanG.M., CMT-QA:Quality-Aware Adaptive Concurrent Multipath Data Transfer in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, IEEE
- 5. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 09 Issue: 01 Pages: 3316-3320 (2017) ISSN: 0975-0290 3320 Transactions on Mobile Computing, 12(11), 2193- 2205, 2013. [5] Seetha RamanS., Srikanth S., Integrated approach towards Bandwidth Aggregation (BAG) in multihomed devices, 3rd International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication and Networking (ICSCN) March 2015. [6] Prabhavat S.,Nishiyama H., AnsariN., and KatoN., On Load Distribution over Multipath Networks, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 14(3), 662-680, 2012. [7] WuJ., YuenC., ChengB., ShangY., ChenJ., Goodput- Aware Load Distribution for Real-time Traffic over Multipath Networks, IEEE Transactions on Parallel Distributed Systems, 26, (8), 2286-2299, 2015. [8] Suhaimi A. Latif, Mosharrof H. Masud, Farhat Anwar and Md. Khorshed Alam, An Investigation of Scheduling and Packet Reordering Algorithms for Bandwidth Aggregation in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 2013. [9] Ferlin S., Dreibholz T. and Alay O., Multipath transport over heterogeneous wireless networks: Does it really pay off? 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference, Austin, 2014, 4807- 4813. [10] Chebrolu K. and RaoR. R., Bandwidth aggregation for real- time applications in heterogeneous wireless networks,IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 5(4), 388-403, 2006. [11] WuJ., YuenC., ChengB., YangY., WangM. and ChenJ., Bandwidth-Efficient Multipath Transport Protocol for Quality-Guaranteed Real-Time Video Over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, IEEE Transactions on Communications, 64(6), 2477- 2493, 2016. [12] Kim J-O., Ueda T., Obana S., MAC level measurement based traffic distribution over IEEE 802.11 multi-radionetworks, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 54(3), 118- 591, 2008. Authors Biography Ms. Kishori Shendokar is pursuing M.E. in Computer Engineering at MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi, Pune. She has completed B.E. CSE from Sant Gagde Baba University Amaravati. Her research interests include computer networking and mobile computing. Mrs. Rajeshwari M. Goudar is an associate professor of Computer Engineering Department at MIT Academy of Engineering, Alandi, Pune. Her research interest includes areas of computer networking, network security and operating system.