Turtle graphics uses a virtual turtle to draw shapes on a canvas by issuing commands to move the turtle and change attributes like its color and pen thickness. The turtle has a location, orientation angle, and a pen that can be in the up or down position. Built-in functions allow controlling the turtle, for example turtle.color() sets the color and turtle.forward() moves the turtle forward while drawing a line if the pen is down. Examples show how to draw basic shapes like squares, circles, triangles, and stars by issuing sequences of forward, backward, right, and left commands to the turtle.
