Introduction to Robotics.pptx
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This document provides an introduction to robotics, including its history and key concepts. It discusses that the word "robot" was introduced in a 1922 story and the first programmable robot was developed in 1954. It also summarizes Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics from his 1950 short stories. The document defines a robot and outlines the main components of robots like manipulators, end effectors, actuators, sensors, controllers and software. It also categorizes types of robots by function and discusses common actuators, sensors and applications of robotics.
Introduction to Robotics.pptx
- 1. Introduction to Robotics By. Mohamed Essam
- 2. Robotics History 1922 Czech author Karel Capek wrote a story called Rossumās Universal Robots and introduced the word āRabotaā(meaning worker)
- 3. Robotics History 1954 George Devol developed the first programmable Robot.
- 4. Robotics History ļ± Three Laws of Robotics (Isaac Asimov in I,Robot 1950) Asimov proposed three āLaws of Roboticsā and later added the āzeroth lawā Law 0: A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law
- 5. Robotics History ļ± Three Laws of Robotics (Isaac Asimov in I,Robot 1950) Asimov proposed three āLaws of Roboticsā and later added the āzeroth lawā Law 0: A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law
- 6. Definition of the Robot Defined by Robotics Industry Association (RIA) as A Re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motion for a variety of tasks
- 7. Robotics and Society ļ± Provide assistance / service for people ļ± disabled, aged, patients and children ļ± Free everyone from tedious housework
- 8. What is a Robot? ļ± A machine that senses, thinks, and acts ļ± Must have sensors, processing ability that emulates some aspects of cognition, and actuators ļ± In artificial intelligence, such systems are known as āagents.ā
- 9. Robotics Robotics is the art, knowledge base, and the know-how of designing, applying, and using robots in human endeavors.
- 10. Robot Classification Types of Robots by Function ļ± Manipulators: robotic arms and hands; Motion generators: flight simulators; SCARA (Selective-Compliance Assembly Robot Arm); and moving platforms Locomotors, mobile robots: legged and wheeled robots; Swimming robots; and Flying robots.
- 11. Robot Classification Types of Robots by Function ļ± Manipulators: robotic arms and hands;
- 12. Robot Classification Types of Robots by Function ļ± Motion generators: flight simulators; SCARA (Selective-Compliance Assembly Robot Arm); and moving platforms
- 13. Robot Classification Types of Robots by Function ļ± Locomotors, mobile robots: legged and wheeled robots;
- 14. Robot Classification Types of Robots by Function ļ± Swimming robots; and ļ± Flying robots.
- 15. Robot Components ļ± Manipulator / Arm ļ± End Effector: is connected to the last joint (ex: Hand / Gripper) ļ± Actuators : Actuators are the muscles of the manipulators. As servomotors, Stepper motors, pneumatic and hydraulic . ļ± Sensors: are used to collect information to communicate with the environment. ļ± Controller: receive its data from the computer and controls the motion of the actuators. ļ± Processor: calculate the motion of the joints. ļ± Software : there are groups of software programs used in robot
- 16. Actuators and Drive Systems Actuators are one of the key components contained in a robotic system. A robot has many degrees of freedom (DOF), each of which is a servoed joint generating desired motion. Most of todayās robotic systems are powered by electric servomotors. Therefore, we focus on electromechanical actuators.
- 17. Actuators and Drive Systems Motors are the most common way to control the movements of robots and are known as actuators. They can be connected to gears and wheels and are a perfect way of adding mobility. There are a number of different types of motors that can be used, DC, stepper and servo motors.
- 18. Actuators ļ± Pneumatic :air pressure ļ± Hydraulics :fluid pressure ļ± Electrical (Motors) :current
- 19. Sensors for Robotic Systems The term sensor is used for an input device that provides a usable output in response to a specified physical input.
- 20. Sensors for Robotic Systems ļ± Types of Sensors ļ± Contact: switch ļ± āDistance: Ultrasound, radar, infra red ļ± āLight level: photo cells, cameras ļ± āSound level: microphone ļ± Strain: strain gauge ļ± āRotation: encoder ļ± āSmell: chemical ļ± Temperature: thermal, infra red ļ± āInclination: inclinometers, gyroscopes ļ± Pressure: pressure gauges ļ± āAltitude: altimeters ā...
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