Renaissance Civilization
- 1. Was Renaissance Europe a Great Civilization?
- 2. Farming Agriculture in Europe since pre-Roman times Grew grains (wheat, barley, rye), and legumes (peas, beans)
- 3. Plow used (came from China) Animals helped plow 3 field crop rotation - kept fields fertile Cleared many fields for sheep pasture - no longer overcrowded land New Farming Techniques:
- 4. Domesticated Animals Cows Pigs Horses Dogs Fowl Many Others
- 5. Many Artisans Carpenter Shipwright Weaver Tailor Blacksmith Printer
- 6. Other Specialized Jobs Merchants Herders Priests, nuns, monks Royalty Professors Doctors Artists Philosophers Scientists
- 7. Arts – Renaissance Renaissance = “rebirth” of art and learning Art still to honor and to serve God, but also to celebrate humans Art became more nuanced – human form studied Painting, sculpture, architecture, music
- 10. The School at Athens , with lines to show perspective
- 13. Michelangelo
- 15. Cities Beautiful, powerful, crowded, filthy Powerful cities due to trade &/or having a cathedral Venice, Florence, Paris, Rome, London Cities were centers for merchants, religious beliefs, education Also where diseases spread most quickly
- 16. Buildings Centers of power made of stone (castles, cathedrals, universities) Homes built of wood or mud brick In some places, poor homes were built of mud walls (wattle and daub) with thatched roofs
- 17. Changes in Society Middle Ages: (Europe in the 4th - 14th centuries) Feudal society (everyone has a master but the king and the Pope) Catholic church had absolute power Renaissance: (15-17th centuries) Catholic church questioned; peoples’ worlds began to expand Poor still had masters but everyone began to rebel against authority
- 18. Government Powerful kings ruled - absolute authority Their advisors carried out laws - Disobedience meant prison or death Very high taxes on the poor, had to pay with cash or land England is different had a Parliament (people who made laws) Taxes were never allowed to be so high
- 19. Religion in Europe Corrupt Catholic Church questioned by Martin Luther Protestors (reformers) rejected Pope’s authority New Protestant churches divided European church (lots of arguing) Jews, Muslims, also lived in Europe, but faced harsh treatment
- 20. Education & Science Many universities (Oxford, University of Paris, etc.) Centers of learning and radical thought
- 21. Education & Science Scientists needed patrons (someone wealthy to pay for their research) Johannes Gutenburg – invented printing press (1430’s) Copernicus, then Galileo – proved earth revolves around sun (Church made Galileo recant his “heretical” ideas)
- 22. Trade and Money Every country had its own currency gold and silver coins Jewels also valued Trade existed throughout Europe Bad roads, boats could sink Venice most powerful merchant city - traded with Asia (silks, spices) Marco Polo went to Asia in 1271, opened up that continent for trade
- 23. Writing and Record Keeping Keepers of Information Universities, Monasteries, King’s Court Printing press means more books available for cheaper prices - lower classes can read!