This document discusses DDoS attacks and mitigation methods. It begins by defining DDoS attacks as using multiple sources to overwhelm a target's availability, unlike a DOS attack which uses a single source. Common DDoS attack types are then outlined, along with the costs and impacts of attacks for victims. The document also provides details on specific attack methods like SYN floods, reflection attacks using DNS and NTP, and recommended mitigation techniques including whitelisting, rate limiting, and fingerprinting. It concludes by emphasizing that DDoS attacks are easy to carry out and difficult to detect, while having significant negative effects on victims.