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Similar to principles for communicative grammar.pptx (20)
principles for communicative grammar.pptx
- 1. Pari Naz MS English Applied Linguistics
- 3. Learning Objectives • What is Grammar? • What is Communicative Grammar? • What is Communicative Competence? • Communicative Grammar for foreign language learning • Principles of Communicative Grammar
- 4. Grammar • Grammar is basically part of language consisting of syntax and morphology and it often includes semantics and phonology. • Grammar is the way we arrange words to make proper sentences. • Grammar is defined as a system of language rules that allows you to combine individual words to make complex meanings.
- 5. What is Communicative Grammar? • Communicative Grammar is based on the communicative approach to the teaching of second/foreign Language. • Language learning defined as developing the ability to communicate in a second/foreign language. • So, Communicative Grammar, in simple words, is the communicative approach of foreign language learning by the method of communicative competence of learning the rules of Grammar (by communication).
- 6. What is Communicative Competence? • Communicative competence means tacit knowledge of a language and the ability to use it effectively. • Communicative competence refers to a learner's ability to use language to communicate successfully. • Grammatical Competence relates to language system mastery, such as, understanding and using: • Vocabulary • Word formation(morphology) • Sentence formation(syntax) • Language conventions( grammar, punctuation and spellings)
- 7. Doughty and Long (2003) define principles as a list of design features that can be generally regarded as being facilitative to second language acquisition. • Principle 1: Use Tasks as an Organizational Principle • Principle 2: Promote Learning by Doing • Principle 3: Input Needs to Be Rich • Principle 4: Input Needs to Be Meaningful, Comprehensible, and Elaborated • Principle 5: Promote Cooperative and Collaborative Learning • Principle 6: Focus on Form • Principle 7: Provide Error Corrective Feedback • Principle 8: Recognize and Respect Affective Factors of Learning Principles of Communicative Grammar
- 8. Principle 1: Use Tasks as an Organizational Principle • Communicative Grammar must be taught by using different tasks i.e. classroom tasks given to the students to learn and discover language grammar on their own. • Nunan (1989) considers a task as “any classroom work which involves learners in comprehending, manipulating, producing, or interacting in the target language while their attention is principally focused on meaning rather than form (p. 10).” • Using tasks as organizational principles has to do with the focus on meaning by giving learners “a purpose to use grammar in a meaning context”
- 9. Principle 2: Promoting Learning by Doing Promoting learning by doing refers to how new knowledge can be better retained in long-term memory if it is tied to real- world events and activities. Communicative Grammar can be learned by doing i.e. by actually communicating in the target language to properly understand the grammar of that language by speaking (doing).
- 10. Principle 3: Input needs to be rich For Communicative Grammar learning, the input provided needs to be as rich as possible. • In the classroom environment, this can be achieved by following two main points: 1. Materials need to be authentic to reflect real-life situations and demands. 2. The teacher needs to maximize the use of the target language. •
- 11. Principle 4: Input needs to be meaningful, comprehensible and elaborated The assimilation of new knowledge heavily depends on how easily it can be attached to already existing knowledge. 1. the information we process must be meaningful 2. Input cannot be meaningful unless it is comprehensible: The learner must be able to understand most of what the speaker (or writer) is saying 2. Elaborating input can be enhanced through a thoughtful plan of how input is presented •
- 12. Principle 5: Promoting cooperative and collaborative learning • Promoting cooperative and collaborative learning by pairing or grouping students together so that they can work cooperatively on a task. This practice promotes communicative interaction in the target language. • Collaboration: The social interaction between the teacher, as the expert, and the student, as the novice, is of equal importance and should not be ignored. Through the assistance of the teacher and the social interaction, the learner is led to reach a potential that exceeds his current level of development.
- 13. Principle 6: Focus on Form According to Long (1991) • A focus on formS approach represents a fairly traditional approach to teaching grammar where “students spend much of their time in isolated linguistic structures in a sequence predetermined externally and imposed on them by a syllabus designer or textbook writer . . .,” while meaning is often ignored (Doughty and Long 2003, p. 64) • A focus on form approach to explicit grammar teaching emphasizes a form-meaning connection and teaches grammar within contexts and through communicative tasks. And so this focus of form is also one of the principles of Communicative Grammar.
- 14. Principle 7: Providing error corrective feedback • Providing error corrective feedback is important for the learner, but it is a long term process. It depends not only on how the teacher provides the feedbacks, but also on individual learner factors.
- 15. Principle 8: Recognizing and respecting affective factors of learning • Finally, recognizing and respecting affective factors of learning is essential for teachers to understand and provide learners with an environment where they can feel motivated.
- 16. Thank you