History of microprocessor.pptx

HISTORY OF MICROPROCESSOR
Fair Child semiconductor(founded in 1957):
Invented the first integrated circuit that marked
the history of microprocessorin 1959.

Microprocessor 4004
Year:1971
Company:Intel(Integrated Electronics)
Invented or Given Credit: 1971 by Ted Hoff and Stanley Mazor
Federico Faggin(Italian Physicist) for creating first commercial CPU.
General Information
Data width :4 bits
Max . CPU clock rate :740-750kHz
Number of transistor :2300
Address width :12 (multiplexed) bits
Application : Calculator
The 4004 was the first random logical circuit integrated in one chip using the MOS(Metal-oxide-
semiconductor )silicon gates.
Technology(SGT)
Microprocessor 8008

Year:1972
General Information
Data width :8 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :200-800kHz
Number of transistor:3500
Address width :14 bit
CTC was the company who started to design 8 bit microprocessor (1201) but paused the project one
after another. TI (Texas Instruments ) was able to make samples of the 1201 based on Intel
drawings .Again 1201 was delivered to CTC in late 1971 but they again rejected the project.
Intel renamed it the 8008 and put it in their catalog in April 1972 p. Intel's initial worries about their
existing customer base leaving them proved unfounded, and the 8008 went on to be a commercially
successful design. This was followed by the 8080.
Microprocessor 8080
Year:1974
General Information
Data width :8 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :2-3.125 MHz

The Intel 8080 ("eighty-eighty") is the second 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured
by Intel. It first appeared in April 1974 and is an extended and enhanced variant of the
earlier 8008 design, although without binary compatibility. It is implemented in N-type metal-oxide-
semiconductor logic (NMOS) using non-saturated enhancement mode transistors as loads.
Microprocessor 8085
Year:1976
General Information
Data width :8 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :3.5-6 MHz
The 8085 is a conventional von Neumann design based on the Intel 8080. Unlike the 8080 it does
not multiplex state signals onto the data bus, but the 8-bit data bus is instead multiplexed with the
lower eight bits of the 16-bit address bus to limit the number of pins to 40.
Microprocessor 8086
Year:1978

General Information
Data width :16 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :5-10MHz
Application : computer
The 8086 gave rise to the x86 architecture, which eventually became Intel's most successful line of
processors.
All internal registers, as well as internal and external data buses, are 16 bits wide, which firmly
established the "16-bit microprocessor" identity of the 8086.
Intel 8086 registers
1
9
1
8
1
7
1
6
1
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
0
0
9
0
8
0
7
0
6
0
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0 (bit position)
Main registers
AH AL AX (primary accumulator)
BH BL BX (base, accumulator)
CH CL CX (counter, accumulator)
DH DL DX (accumulator, extended acc.)
Index registers
0 0 0 0 SI Source Index
0 0 0 0 DI Destination Index
0 0 0 0 BP Base Pointer
0 0 0 0 SP Stack Pointer
Program counter
0 0 0 0 IP Instruction Pointer
Segment registers
CS 0 0 0 0 Code Segment
DS 0 0 0 0 Data Segment
ES 0 0 0 0 Extra Segment
SS 0 0 0 0 Stack Segment
Status register
- - - - O D I T S Z - A - P - C Flags

Microprocessor 8088
Year:1979
General Information
Data width :8 bits
Application : Computer (IBM Desktops)
The 8088 was designed at Intel's laboratory in Haifa, Israel, as were a large number of Intel's
processors.
The 8088 was targeted at economical systems by allowing the use of an eight-bit data path and
eight-bit support and peripheral chips; complex circuit boards were still fairly cumbersome and
expensive when it was released.
The Intel 8088 is a variant of the Intel 8086.
Microprocessor 80186
Year:1982
General Information
Data width :16 bits

Application : Personal computer
The 80186 series was generally intended for embedded systems, as microcontrollers with external
memory. Therefore, to reduce the number of integrated circuits required, it included features such
as clock generator, interrupt controller, timers, wait state generator, DMA channels, and
external chip select lines.
The 80186 would have been a natural successor to the 8086 in personal computers. However,
because its integrated hardware was incompatible with the hardware used in the original IBM PC,
the 80286 was used as the successor instead.
Year:1982
General Information
Data width :16 bits
No of transistor :134000
Application : Personal Computer
It was the first 8086-based CPU with separate, non-multiplexed address and data buses and also
the first with memory management and wide protection abilities. The 80286 used approximately
134,000 transistors in its original nMOS (HMOS) incarnation and, just like the
contemporary 80186, it could correctly execute most software written for the earlier Intel
8086 and 8088 processors.

Year:1985
General Information
Data width :32 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :16MHz
No of transistor :275000
The Intel 80386, also known as i386 or just 386, is a 32-bit microprocessor introduced in 1985.[2]
The
first versions had 275,000 transistors[3]
and were the CPU of many workstations and high-
end personal computers of the time.
Year:1989

General Information
Data width :32 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :25MHz
No of transistor :1.2 Million
The Intel 80486, also known as the i486 or 486, is a higher performance follow-up to the Intel
80386 microprocessor. The 80486 was introduced in 1989 and was the first
tightly pipelined x86 design as well as the first x86 chip to use more than a million transistors, due to
a large on-chip cache and an integrated floating-point unit. It represents a fourth generation of binary
compatible CPUs since the original 8086 of 1978.
Microprocessor Pentium
Year:1993
General Information
Data width :32 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :60 MHz
Address width :64bit
Pentium is a brand used for a series of x86 architecture-compatible microprocessors produced
by Intel since 1993.
The name Pentium is originally derived from the Greek word pente (πεντε), meaning "five", a
reference to the prior numeric naming convention of Intel's 80x86 processors (8086–80486), with
the Latin ending -ium since the processor would otherwise have been named 80586 using that
convention.

Microprocessor Pentium Pro
Year:1995
General Information
Data width :32 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :150 MHz to 200 MHz
No of transistor : 5.5Million
Address width:-36 bit
The Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured
by Intel and introduced on November 1, 1995. It introduced the P6 microarchitecture (sometimes
referred to as i686) and was originally intended to replace the original Pentium in a full range of
applications. While the Pentium and Pentium MMX had 3.1 and 4.5 million transistors, respectively,
the Pentium Pro contained 5.5 million transistors.
Microprocessor Pentium II
Year:1997
General Information
Data width :32 bits

Max.CPU clock rate :233 to 450 MHz
The Pentium II[2]
brand refers to Intel's sixth-generation microarchitecture ("P6") and x86-
compatible microprocessors introduced on May 7, 1997. Containing 7.5 million transistors
Microprocessor Pentium II Xeon
Year:1998
General Information
Data width :32 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :400 MHz to 1.4Ghz
No of transistor :1.2-291 Million
Pentium is a brand used for a series of x86 architecture-compatible microprocessors produced
by Intel since 1998.
Microprocessor Pentium III

Year:1999
General Information
Data width :32 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :450 MHz
The Pentium III[2]
(marketed as Intel Pentium III Processor, informally PIII, and stylized
as pentium !!!) brand refers to Intel's 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile microprocessors based on the
sixth-generation P6 microarchitecture introduced on February 26, 1999.
Microprocessor Pentium IV
Year:2000
General Information
Data width :32 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :1.5 GHz
No of transistor :42 Million
Pentium 4 is a brand by Intel for an entire series of single-core CPUs for desktops, laptops and
entry-level servers. The processors were shipped from November 20, 2000, until August 8, 2008.
The production of Netburst processors was active from 2000 until May 21, 2010.[

Microprocessor Intel Dual Core
Year:2006
General Information
Data width :64 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :1.06-3.33GHz
No of transistor :291 Million
Intel Core 2 is the processor family encompassing a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit x86-64 single-,
dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-
core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two
cores, packaged in a multi-chip module.
Core2 and other LGA 775 Processor can support the vistualization,when the virtual machine support
the processor.
Microprocessor Intel i3
Year:2008

General Information
Data width :64 bits
No of transistor :504M to 1 B
Address width :64 KB
Number of Cores :2
Cache Memory :3-4MB
Hyper-threading :-Possible
Intel intended the Core i3 as the new low end of the performance processor line from Intel, following
the retirement of the Core 2 brand.
Year:2009
General Information
Data width :64 bits
No of transistor :1 - 2 Billion
Number of Cores :2 to 4

Cache Memory :4-6MB
Hyper-threading :-NOT Possible
Core i5 blows away Core 2 Duo. On our speed tests, the 2.53-GHz Core i5 chip converted
photos and videos twice as fast as a 2.53-GHz Core 2 Duo. The difference was particularly
stark when multitasking.
Year:2010
General Information
Data width :64 bits
No of transistor :2 - 2.2 Billion
Number of Cores :4
Cache Memory :8MB
Hyper-threading :- Not Possible
The 'Core' part of the name, which refers to the processor's core, has been used by
Intel since 2006, but the first Core i7 processor was released 3 years later in 2009.
There are different types of Core i7 processor. The name does not name a type.
Instead, it is the name for all of the fast processors that Intel thinks should be sold to
consumers. Intel uses two other "Core i-" names for its processors for consumers: "Core
i5" and "Core i3." The "Core i5" processors are mostly as fast as i7 processors, but lack

the Hyper Threading technology which allows each core to be used twice
simultaneously giving the impression of doubling the cores.
Year:2017
General Information
Data width :64 bits
Max.CPU clock rate :3.6GHz
No of transistor :2-7 Billion
Address width :512GB
Number of Cores :8
Cache Memory :16MB
Hyper-threading :-Possible
Intel Core 2 is the processor family encompassing a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit x86-64 single-,
dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-
core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two
cores, packaged in a multi-chip module.

Name
Year of
Invention
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors
Inst.
per sec
INTEL
4004/4040
1971 by Ted
Hoff and Stanley
Mazor
740
KHz 2300 60,000
Size of microprocessor – 8 bit
Name
Year of
Invention
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors
Inst. per
sec
8008 1972 500 KHz 50,000
8080 1974 2 MHz 60,000
10 times
faster than
8008
8085
1976 (16 bit
address bus) 3 MHz 6500 769230
Name Year of Invention
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors
Inst.
per
sec
8086
1978 (multiply and
divide instruction, 16
bit data bus and 20
bit address bus)
4.77
MHz, 8
MHz,
10
MHz 29000
2.5
Million
8088
1979 (cheaper
version of 8086 and 8
bit external bus)
2.5
Million
80186/80188
1982 (80188 cheaper
version of 80186, and
addtional
components like 6 MHz

Name Year of Invention
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors
Inst.
per
sec
interuppt controller,
clock generator, local
bus
controller,counters)
80286
1982 (data bus 16bit
and address bus 24
bit) 8 MHz 134000
4
Million
Name
Year of
Invention
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors Inst. per sec
INTEL
80386
1986 (other
versions
80386DX,
80386SX,
80386SL and
data bus 32 bit
address bus 32
bit)
16
MHz –
33
MHz 275000
INTEL
80486
1986 (other
versions
80486DX,
80486SX,
80486DX2,
80486DX4)
16
MHz –
100
MHz
1.2 Million
transistors
8 KB of
cache
memory
PENTIUM 1993
66
MHz
Cache
memory 8 bit
for
instructions 8
bit for data

Generations of microprocessor:
1. First generation –
From 1971 to 1972 the era of the first generation came which brought
microprocessors like INTEL 4004 Rockwell international PPS-4 INTEL 8008
etc.
2. Second generation –
The second generation marked the development of 8 bit microprocessors
from 1973 to 1978. Processors like INTEL 8085 Motorola 6800 and 6801 etc
came into existence.
3. Third generation –
The third generation brought forward the 16 bit processors like INTEL
8086/80186/80286 Motorola 68000 68010 etc. From 1979 to 1980 this
generation used the HMOS technology.
4. Fourth generation –
The fourth generation came into existence from 1981 to 1995. The 32 bit
processors using HMOS fabrication came into existence. INTEL 80386 and
Mororola 68020 are some of the popular processors of this generation.
5. Fifth generation –
From 1995 till now we are in the fifth generation. 64 bit processors like
PENTIUM, celeron, dual, quad and octa core processors came into
existence.
Name
Year of
Invention
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors
Inst. per
sec
INTEL
core 2
2006 (other
versions core2
duo, core2 quad,
core2 extreme)
1.2 GHz to
3 GHz
291 Million
transistors
64 KB of
L1 cache
per core 4
MB of L2
cache
i3, i5,
i7,i9 2008, 2009,
2010,2011
3.2GHz –
4.2GHz,
2.4GHz –
3.6GHz,
504 Million
to 7Billion

History of microprocessor.pptx

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History of microprocessor.pptx