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intermodal dispersion waveguide dispersion material dispersion fiber bend loss stimulated raman scattering stimulated brillouin scatterin mie scattering rayleigh scattering linear scattering losses extrinsic absorption intrinsic absorption material absorption losses attenuation wdm oadm rise time budget link power budget point to point link soliton sdh network sonet optical network concepts: reflectance and optical return fiber diameter measurements numerical aperture measurement cut off wavelength measurement fiber dispersion measurements fiber attenuation measurement introduction detectors optical sources population inversion laser threshold conditions photo detector noise avalanche photo diode pin photo diode laser diode structure led power quantum efficiency lasing conditions edge emitting led surface emitting led graded index fiber single mode fiber numerical aperture critical angle acceptance angle total internal reflection optical fiber modes optical laws and definitions introduction to fiber optic co