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Pre production req
- 1. Pre-production report how process and documentation contributes to a film. 1 BUDGET you need to determine the amount of money you have to work with before making decisions on a movie production. you must propose a number to work with this is your budget and you will need to budget out, you cannot make a free movie unless you own all the equipment and have reliable volunteers, everything like cameras, props, ETC will require funds films will only be publically funded by agencies if they have potential in the eyes of the agencies funding them, this funding comes from the lottery, grants and charities. Some organizations provide public funding, examples of this includes Film 4 and BFI. Most people can make a pitch and if approved it will provide funds if they are being fairly distributed. Films will be privately funded by investors looking to make a financial gain from these films So they can get a healthy share of the profits. The investors can be anyone funding a film with the intention of financial gain, from large corporations to small businesses. Crowdfunding can also source an income, this involves a lot of members of the public investing a small amount of money in a pitch they want to see on screen, the creators incentivise this by earning perks by pledging a small amount of money (for example getting behind the scenes on the development) Public films are more artistic and are an expression of the creator and their area it’s been funded in a film about poverty in England will be more likely to be funded by public funders than a new action flick. Films with public funding will be shown at festivals, and have opportunities to receive awards. Private films are funded on how much profit they are estimated to make, and will be aimed at a wide general consumer base, because of this films that are easily accessible are there to thrill a wide audience rather than to be considered as art. TIME you need to organise the number of hours you will be working on the film and plan your time effectively and ensure all members can show up and work on the film when needed and not have other plans you need to plan how long you will have rented equipment and safely work between this time this could be affected by reshoots and editing time needed, budget could over run and cast and crew may not be available. Facilities These will be required as sets, storage and editing rooms. The equipment will include cameras, microphones, computers and more. You must ensure all equipment you need is ready to put on set. If additional equipment is needed you will have to wait for the arrival of this delaying the film overall. If this needed equipment has not arrived on time the film will not be completed by its ETA this may leave you unable to shoot the film at all.
- 2. LOCATIONS you should carry out location scouting during this pre-production as if you do not have the right locations you may struggle to shoot the filmproperly if certain scenes require a specific environment. Doing this in pre-production will avoid running over budget and taking longer to film. Certain places may only be able to be used with permission from the owner and at a certain time slot, these times must be managed so that the schedule is accurate for everyone. People Having a list of necessary cast and crew is essential to the pre-production of any film. You must cast the entire film and ensure all cast are correct for the role, but you also must consider the crew such as cameramen, costume designers, music composers, visual effects etc. and other helpers such as advisers to give insight on the setting of the film you must consider who has the skills required for these roles. Materials Such as stock or pre-existing footage that may be required to fill in time or demonstrate that the film is in a certain location or based around a certain thing. Sound effects and music needed to show he aesthetic of a filmand immersing the viewers. Scrips and storyboards are needed for a film to be produced efficiently. A screenplay is dialog, settings, actions and the general direction the filmis headed artistically. You must follow standard screenplay format, master scene script, when writing your screenplay. This is especially true if you are pitching to an extremely professional company who will just throw away the script if you do not follow the master scene script format and using this format shows you are knowledgeable about screenplays and have studied examples. Storyboards speed up the process of the movie on set, as you will have an idea on the shot you will take as framing is already planned however storyboards are not 100% reliable as the actual shooting location may make some shots undoable so the story board will not always be followed. Having a shooting schedule will ensure actors know when they are needed and for how long, This negates confusion on what scene is being shot. HEALTH AND SAFETY AND CODES OF PRACTICE REGULATIONS Health and safety laws must be followed on set, and you must ensure safety of cast and the equipment. If somebody is injured on set or equipment is damaged the studio will be held liable for any injuries and legal action may be taken, slowing production time and costing the studio. To prevent this, carry out risk assessments, regularly you should also implement a health and safety plan that is specific and strictly adhere to it. If you used copyrighted material you must ensure you have paid a royalty to the claim holder and that they have received this or that they are okay with their property being used in the film. You may follow rules of the fair use exception in order to bypass copyright law,
- 3. this can be by transforming the material you have used in some way, such as parody or adding creative value. However some rights holders may still carry on with a lawsuit if they believe the fair use claimis false therefore you are always taking a risk in doing this. Trade unions may be involved in a film to negotiate cast and crew wages and contracts, and will be there to give advice to them and organise training accordingly. A trade union on a large scale production could boost the efficiency for individual roles, most professional cast and crew are a part of a union so as an organisation you must communicate with them when needed. Procedures must be followed in order to ensure any unnecessary delays and costs and all cast and crew must be treated with respect at all times. PRE PRODUCTION FORMATS The logline is used to describe the film plot in around 30 seconds. It should include and explanation of the concept and outline the structure and make it interesting. Be sure to explain key characters and their personalities A treatment includes an easy to understand, detailed outline of the plot. This can be used with a synopsis to give a better description of the entire films plan. You can also include a target audience. What groups will be the main people to see and enjoy your movie and show that you have pandered to that audience. A unique selling point will be more appealing to financers. The purpose of a proposal is to encourage investors to get an idea of what the final filmwill be like. MASTER SCENE SCRIPT Master scene script is the standard formatting for a screenplay. It should be easy to read and is understood by studios and investors. It is comprised of dialogue with stage directions of what the actors will do. The structure of master scene scripts are: The standard structure of scripts written in this format are as follows: Sluglines- describe the location, time of day (day/night, etc), whether the scene is set in an interior or an exterior, sometimes the locale of the scene (the city for example), and sometimes additional details about the setting of the scene. Narrative description - describes the story and its direction. This includes characters, settings and actions. The narrative description should be short, but detailed enough to be able to be read and understood fully. Dialogue blocks - describe what the characters will say, and sometimes the way they will say it. It should be clear who is saying what, and whether this takes place on or off screen (marked by O.S for “off screen” and V.O for “voiceover”)
- 4. The standard codes and conventions of the master scene script have to be followed at all times when writing a film. Down to the font, size and margins. So that it is the traditional script type. Characters are in uppercase and dialogue in lowercase for the script to be clear and easy to read. The format is standard as it is to the point and so it allows studios and investors you are pitching to gain the plot quickly by reading a script that is easy to understand. SHOOTING SCRIPT Shooting scripts are used by cast and crew. And contain more information like outlining editing techniques camera placement and scene numbers these are used by the director while they are on set and not for studios or investors as they probably won’t understand it. Shooting Schedule A shooting schedule is a comprehensive list of what will be shot when. Shooting schedules typically center around the hours and number of shots required, but can also include the date, notes on how the shot will be taken, and information on the location and background of the scene. These schedules are an important part of pre-production, and ensure that the filming process will go exactly as planned, and not be subject to overrunning (which negatively impacts budget and time on set). The list must be well thought out and detailed, ensuring that the order will be efficient to shoot. Other paperwork Other forms of paperwork used for pre-production include Location scouting templates - used to report information on various potential shooting locations Risk Assessments - used for assessing the health and safety risks of areas and items to prevent accidents happening on set Copyright Clearances - ensuring that all copyright holders will allow for certain copyrighted materials to be used Sound templates - showing where sound is used in different areas Location release forms- the necessary permissions for shooting on privately owned locations. PRE PRODUCTION PURPOSE Well organized pre-production is needed for a film to be made properly. If not then the film will suffer from many different problems, such as incidents of health and safety or copyright infringement due to negligence. Problems like these are easily solved but require a lot of time and money and so the budget of the filmwill be increased and time taken to make the film will also increase and the filmcould even be cancelled, this is also why it is important to treat your staff with respect. they may be getting paid but they need to be incentivised to work so that any issues can be avoided if possible. gaining permission to shoot a film is required for example you will need to contact your councillor the landowner for permission before you go ahead and film on their property or permission from actors ensuring they have signed any necessary paperwork, this should be done during pre production to avoid
- 5. setbacks in filming, lawsuits or arrests could happen if you have not got any necessary permissions. The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) are an organisation that censor and classify films. These ratings make it so that a person under the specified age cannot see the filmin cinemas or buy a physical copy of it within a store. The age rating of the film should be considered with the target age demographic, as if your filmhas too high a rating for its intended demographic, it has less of a chance of being seen by its target audience, and as a result, it will not take in as much at the box office. Within pre production a target rating should be established and the guidelines of what makes a film that rating should be followed in order for the filmto be classified as such.The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) are an organisation that censor and classify films. These ratings make it so that a person under the specified age cannot see the film in cinemas or buy a physical copy of it within a store. The age rating of the film should be considered with the target age demographic, as if your film has too high a rating for its intended demographic, it has less of a chance of being seen by its target audience, and as a result, it will not take in as much at the box office. Within pre production a target rating should be established and the guidelines of what makes a film that rating should be followed in order for the filmto be classified as such.The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) are an organisation that censor and classify films. These ratings make it so that a person under the specified age cannot see the filmin cinemas or buy a physical copy of it within a store. The age rating of the film should be considered with the target age demographic, as if your filmhas too high a rating for its intended demographic, it has less of a chance of being seen by its target audience, and as a result, it will not take in as much at the box office. Within pre production a target rating should be established and the guidelines of what makes a film that rating should be followed in order for the film to be classified as such. When you have effectively carried out your pre production you will be able to make your film the best it could be provided you have the skills too pull it off.