Neuroplasticity
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The document discusses neuroplasticity, defined as the ability of neurons to change and adapt, emphasizing its role in habituation, learning and memory, and recovery from injury. It outlines principles of neuroplasticity, including the importance of motor skilled practice, enriched environments, and aerobic exercises in rehabilitation. Additionally, it highlights various rehabilitation methods and strategies to enhance brain recovery post-stroke.
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Neuroplasticity
- 1. NEUROPLASTICITY Dr.Maheshwari Harishchandre Assistant Professor M.P.Th (Neurosciences) DVVPF College of Physiotherapy, Ahmednagar
- 2. Objectives • At the of lecture learner should be able to know the neuroplasticity changes & how recovery process is occur. end
- 3. Introduction • “The ability of neurons to change their function, chemical profile or structure is referred to as neuroplasticity.” • Neuroplasticity includes : - Habituation - Learning & memory - Cellular recovery after injury
- 7. Habituation • Habituation is decreased response to a repeated stimuli. 2. LEARNING & MEMORY – During motor learning large & diffuse regions of the brain show synaptic activity. With repetition of a task, there is a reduction in no.of active regions in the brain. - LTM requires the synthesis of new proteins & the growth of new synaptic connections with repetition of specific stimulus synthesis & activation of new proteins promote the growth of new synaptic connections.
- 8. 3.Cellular Recovery from Injury • Injuries that damage or severe the axons of neurons cause degenerative changes but may not result in death of the cell. • Axonal Injury – walerian degeneration, sprouting – collateral sprouting, Regenerative sprouting • Synaptic changes - oedema
- 11. Metabolic effects of brain injury Ischemia Glutamate release Activation of calcium channels & release of internal calcium stores Increased intracellular water Activate pr. enzy Cell swelling Cell injury & death oxygen free radical cell death
- 12. Rehabilitation & Neuroplasticity • Components – cell genesis & repair • Alteration of existing neuronal pathways • Formation of new neural connections
- 13. Three Principles of Neuroplasticity 1. Motor skilled practice –practice of motor skills with enough repetition enhances both the adaptive changes in the brain & improve skills. • In peds & adult setting the MOVE Programme is structured method for encouraging intensive motor skill practice. - MOVE – is a philosophy ….. A way of life & proven practice that individuals with multiple disabilities can learn to - SIT –to eat participate in activities, education & even employment. STAND – such as washing a sink, food preparation & upright toileting. WALK – to move to participate in play or complete tasks (with or without support) TRANSITION – from bed to chair, sitting to standing.
- 14. 2. Enriched environment – providing the recovering brain with stimuli such as increased physical activity, more social interaction, problem solving opportunities; enhances both functional recovery& underlying neural processes including synaptic plasticity.
- 15. 3. Aerobic exercises – physical activity in itself, particularly aerobic activity enhances neural plasticity.
- 16. Effects of Rehabilitation on Plasticity 1. Physical training & exercises – - CIMT - Body weight –supported treadmill training - Robotic devices - Behavioural shaping (Psychology) – managing inappropriate behavior – e.g – homework & reward -Bilateral arm training - Task oriented physical therapy 2. Aerobic exercises –
- 17. 3. Cognitive training / brain training – Improvement of a number of cognitive skills including attention, working on memory, problem solving skills/ abilities, reading.
- 18. Theoretical model • Stroke onset Neuroplasticity Recovery (Fn) Repair alter pathway form neural connection Facilitation of neuroplasticity Rehabilitation - motor relearning & physical conditioning+ Active ingredients –Repetition, Intensity, Progression+ Medical treatment – thrombolysis, stem-cell therapy, brain stimulation
- 19. Environmental enrichment • Studies show that an enriched environment promotes sensorimotor recovery after stroke. • should provide sensory, motor, cognitive & motor stimulation. • Multilodal stimulation includes tactile massage, therapeutic gardens, music, rhythm, cognitive,challenges, motor imagery & mental training etc.
- 20. Neurotransplantation & Stereotaxic Surgical Approaches 1. Deep Brain Stimulation 2. Neuronal transplant/Implant 3. Stereotaxic Surgery
- 21. References • Physical Rehabilitation – O’sullivan • Neural Plasticity & disorders of Nervous System
- 22. THANK YOU..