The document describes a number guessing game implemented in different programming languages and discusses refactoring the code into reusable utility classes. The code provided implements a number guessing game where a random number is generated between 0-100 and the user has 5 attempts to guess the number. Feedback is provided on each guess if the number is too high or too low. After 5 attempts or a correct guess, a message is displayed thanking the user for playing. Later implementations split the code into utility classes for generating random numbers, getting user input, comparing guesses, and tracking attempts. The discussion focuses on removing state from the utility classes.
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