Communication technology

Suggested by Respected Shakti Ma’am
Created /Edited by Abhishek (XI)

Contents
Network
 Needs For Networking
Data Communication Protocol
Communication protocol
 Protocol
 Functions Of Protocol
Types Of Network
 LAN’ s
 MAN’ s
 WAN’ s
Difference Between
LAN And WAN

 There are two other types of network
PAN - Personal Area Network
CAN – Campus Area Network
INTERNET
 Main components of internet
 Types of INTERNET Connection
 Modem
 Analog and digital Signal
INTRANET
Network topologies
 Star Topology
 Bus Topology
 Ring Topology
Networking Technologies
 Wired Networking Technology
 Co- axial cable
 Ethernet cable

Fibre Optic Cable
 Wireless Networking Technology
 Bluetooth
 Infrared
 Wi-Fi

Network
A network is a collection of two or more
computers connected to each other.
Needs For Networking
Share information
Share hardware and software
Centralize administration and support
 You can play a CD music from one computer by sitting on another computer.
You can connect a printer to one computer and let others computers of the
network print on that printer .
You can create files and store them in one computer and then access those files
from the other computers connected to it.

Communication protocol
When peoples are connected through internet there is a key
concept how data move between two computers.
Protocol
Set of rules for safe movement of data on the internet are called protocols.
Protocols governs the sending and receiving of data on the internet . The two
main protocols are
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
IP - Internet Protocol
Collectively these protocols are called TCP and IP.
Function of protocol
Functions of TCP- Break the data into smaller data packets for error free data
transmission .
Functions of IP - Transport these data packets into their correct destination.

Types Of Network
Computer network s are three types -
LAN [Local Area Network]
MAN [Metropolitan Area Network]
WAN [ Wide Area Network]

LAN
LAN’s are small network . LANS cover houses buildings
college campus organization . Transmission media –coaxial
cables.

MAN
MAN is usually a middle way of LAN and WAN over and
area of around
5 to 50 km. transmission media –coaxial cables and
telephone lines .

WAN
WANS are large network. WAN covers city, region . Transmission
media telephone lines, microwaves, satellites, Links. WAN is also
known as internet.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LAN AND WAN
LAN WAN
1) Large Area Network
2) Smaller Networks
3) Cover Houses Buildings
Organizations Etc .
4) Transmission Media in LAN is
coaxial cable.
5) Low cost
6) Transmission speed in LAN is 0.1 to
100 Megabytes /sec {mbps}
1) Wide Area Network
2) Large Networks
3) Covers City Region Etc .
4) Transmission Media In WAN Is
Telephone Lines Microwaves
Satellites Links Etc.
5) High Cost
6) Transmission Speed In Wan Is
1800 To 9600 Bits /Sec {Bps}.

There are two other types of network
PAN - Personal Area Network
CAN - Campus Area Network
INTERNET
Global collection of peoples computer data and information which
are linked together by cables and telephone lines.
Global collection of inter connected networks
{Group of computers connected to WAN}

MAIN COMPONENTS OF INTERNET
COMPUTER SYSTEM
MODEM
TELEPHONE LINES
INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER {ISP}
SOFTWARE

TYPES OF INTERNET CONNECTION
 Dial Up Connection – Usually Telephone Lines Are Used.
 Leased Line Connection – Special Kind Of Telephone Lines Are Available To
The User All The Time. User Does Not Require To Dial Number And Wait For
Connection Establishment For The Internet. Leased Line Connections Are Faster
And Expensive Than Dial Up Connections .
MODEM
It is a modulation and a de-modulation device.
Modulation

Analog Signal And Digital Signal
Analog signal – analog signal may take any value with in a given range of values.
Digital signal - digital signal may take on discrete set of values.

INTRANET
An intranet is a private network having internet type tools,
But available only within that organization.
Network Topologies
The physical layout of the network is called network topology.

There are three types of network topology
1. Star Topology – in star topology a
number of work stations.(NODES) are
directly linked to a central nodes. There is
bi directional communication between
various nodes. The central node controls
all the activities of nodes.
2. Break down of one node does not affect
any other nodes on the network.
3. Failure of the central node disables
communication throughout the
whole network.

Bus Topology – In bus topology all workstations (nodes) are
connected to a single communication line is called BUS. In this type
of topology there is no central node as in star topology. If one
workstation fails it does not effect the entire system.

Ring Topology – In ring topology each work stations is attached
to near by station point to point basis so the entire system is in the
form of ring. Breakdown of any one node on the ring disable the
entire system. Data packets circulate in either clock wise or anti
clock wise direction.

Networking Technologies
Networking TECHNOLOGIES can be viewed in two ways by wired
Or wireless media .
Wired networking technology – cables are used in wired medias.

Commonly used cables are -
Co axial cable ( Oliver Heaviside )
It is an electrical cable with an inner conductor covered by an insulating layer.
The insulating layer is surrounded by thin insulating layer. It is called coaxial
cable because the inner conductor and outer shield share the same geometric
axis.

Ethernet Cable
Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area
networks(LANs). Ethernet was commercially introduced in 1980 and
standardized in 1985 as IEEE 802.3. Ethernet has largely replaced competing
wired LAN technologies.
Systems communicating over Ethernet divide a stream of data into shorter pieces
called frames. Each frame contains source and destination addresses and error-
checking data so that damaged data can be detected and re-transmitted.

Fiber optic cable (Optical fiber cable)
An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical
fibers. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated
with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the
environment where the cable will be deployed.

Wireless network
Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that uses
wireless (usually, but not always radio waves) for network
connections.
It is a method by which homes, telecommunications networks and
enterprise (business) installations avoid the costly process of
introducing cables into a building, or as a connection between
various equipment locations. Wireless telecommunications
networks are generally implemented and administered using radio
communication. This implementation takes place at the physical
level (layer) of the OSI model network structure.

Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data
over short distances (using short-wavelength radio transmissions in
the ISM band from 2400–2480 MHz) from fixed and mobile devices,
creating personal area networks (PANs) with high levels of security.
Created by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994,it was originally
conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can
connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization.

Infrared
Infrared networking enables computing devices to send and receive
data wirelessly within a short range using infrared beams. Devices
with infrared can be recognized by the infrared port that is visible
on the side of the product which is used to detect and send the
infrared beams.
Transmission speeds up to 16 Mbit/s.

Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi (also spelled Wifi or WiFi) is a popular technology that allows an electronic
device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network,
including high-speed Internet connections. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as
any "wireless local area network(WLAN) products that are based on the Institute
of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards".

Communication technology

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