Brief history of doc
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Documentary films have taken many forms since their early beginnings as factual records of events without creative storytelling. Key developments include Robert Flaherty's 1922 film Nanook of the North being considered the first documentary with a narrative, the use of propaganda films during World Wars I and II, the direct cinema movement in the 1960s capturing live events without interference, and contemporary documentaries that explore social and political issues through interviews. Documentaries have evolved from simply recording actualities to utilizing diverse styles and storytelling techniques to examine a wide range of topics.
![Flaherty
• The first official documentary or non-fiction narrative film was
Robert Flaherty's Nanook of the North (1922), an ethnographic
look at the harsh life of Canadian Inuit Eskimos living in the Arctic,
although some of the film's scenes of obsolete customs were
staged. Flaherty, often regarded as the "Father of the Documentary
Film," also made the landmark film Moana (1926) about Samoan
Pacific islanders, although it was less successful. [The term
'documentary' was first used in a review of Flaherty's 1926 film.] His
first sound documentary feature film was Man of Aran (1934),
regarding the rugged Aran islanders/fishermen located west of
Ireland's Galway Bay. Flaherty's fourth (and last) major feature
documentary was his most controversial, Louisiana Story (1948),
filmed on location in
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW6d6B_R2nM](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/briefhistoryofdoc-130709234706-phpapp01/85/Brief-history-of-doc-4-320.jpg)
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Brief history of doc
- 1. Documentary Films strictly speaking, are non-fictional, "slice of life" factual works of art - and sometimes known as cinema verite. For many years, as films became more narrative-based, documentaries branched out and took many forms since their early beginnings - some of which have been termed propagandistic or non-objective. Documentary films have comprised a very broad and diverse category of films. Examples of documentary forms include the following: 'biographical' films about a living or dead person (Madonna, John Lennon, Muhammad Ali - When We Were Kings (1996), Robert Crumb, Stephen Hawking in A Brief History of Time (1992), or Glenn Gould) a well-known event (Waco, Texas incident, the Holocaust, the Shackleton expedition to the Antarctic) a concert or rock festival (Woodstock or Altamont rock concerts (Woodstock (1970) and Gimme Shelter (1970)), The Song Remains the Same (1976),Stop Making Sense (1984), Madonna: Truth or Dare (1991)) a comedy show (Richard Pryor or Eddie Murphy shows) a live performance (Cuban musicians as in Buena Vista Social Club (1998), or the stage show Cirque du Soleil-Journey of Man (2000)) a sociological or ethnographic examination following the lives of individuals over a period of time (e.g., Michael Apted's series of films: 28 Up (1984), 35 Up (1992) and 42 Up (1999), or Steve James' Hoop Dreams (1994)) an expose including interviews (e.g., Michael Moore's social concerns films) a sports documentary (extreme sports, such as Extreme (1999) or To the Limit (1989), or surfing, such as in The Endless Summer (1966)) a compilation film of collected footage from government sources a 'making of' film (such as the one regarding the filming of Apocalypse Now (1979), or Fitzcarraldo (1982)) an examination of a specific subject area (e.g., nature- or science-related themes, or historical surveys, such as The Civil War, Jazz, Baseball, or World War II, etc.) spoof documentaries, termed 'mockumentaries' (such as This is Spinal Tap (1984), Zelig (1983), and Best in Show (2000))
- 2. The Earliest Documentaries • Originally, the earliest documentaries in the US and France were either short newsreels, instructional pictures, records of current events, or travelogues (termed actualities) without any creative story-telling, narrative, or staging. The first attempts at film-making, by the Lumiere Brothers and others, were literal documentaries, e.g., a train entering a station, factory workers leaving a plant, etc.
- 4. Flaherty • The first official documentary or non-fiction narrative film was Robert Flaherty's Nanook of the North (1922), an ethnographic look at the harsh life of Canadian Inuit Eskimos living in the Arctic, although some of the film's scenes of obsolete customs were staged. Flaherty, often regarded as the "Father of the Documentary Film," also made the landmark film Moana (1926) about Samoan Pacific islanders, although it was less successful. [The term 'documentary' was first used in a review of Flaherty's 1926 film.] His first sound documentary feature film was Man of Aran (1934), regarding the rugged Aran islanders/fishermen located west of Ireland's Galway Bay. Flaherty's fourth (and last) major feature documentary was his most controversial, Louisiana Story (1948), filmed on location in • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW6d6B_R2nM
- 5. Depression era • Pare Lorentz' The Plow that Broke the Plains (1936) documented the deprivations and suffering of the Depression-Era Dust Bowl farmers. The film was subsidized by one of President Roosevelt's New Deal organizations. Lorentz' follow-up film was The River (1937), arguing that the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) aided ecological efforts in the area. Years later, Philippe Mora's Brother Can You Spare a Dime? (1975) compiled newsreel footage, film clips and music from the 1930s to capture the cultural and historical forces that existed during the decade. Michael Uys' and Lexy Lovell's Riding the Rails (1997) presented stories of train-hopping by Depression-era hobos, accompanied by Woody Guthrie's folk songs. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fQCwhjWNcH8
- 6. Cities City symphony – Walter Rutman http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ej84nN1W cE Man with a movie camera http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iey9YIbra2U
- 7. The war years • Documentaries during the Great War and during WWII were often propagandistic. Innovative German film-maker Leni Riefenstahl's pioneering masterwork epic Triumph of the Will (1935, Germ.) was explicitly propagandistic yet historical in its spectacular yet horrifying documentation of the Nazi Party Congress rally in Nuremberg in 1934. It was a revolutionary film combining superb cinematography and editing of Third Reich propaganda. She also documented the 1936 Berlin Olympics in the stunning film Olympia (1938, Germ.) - with graceful and beautiful images of 'Aryan' athletes in competition. To respond to the Nazi propaganda, Frank Capra was commissioned by the US War Department to direct seven films in a Why We Fight (1943) series of narrated WWII newsreel-style films.
- 8. War years • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHs2coAzLJ8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcOFRonSqE E • Why we fight • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBtdTiHsQqI • March of times • http://www.time.com/time/video/player/0,3206 8,32007091001_1920816,00.html
- 9. Post war • Sorrow and the pity • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeO89EgD WrM • Night and fog • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8qTFuMc DLs
- 10. John Grieson • Invented the title documentary • Produced film for Britain – NIGHT MAIL – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkLoDg7e_ns – EVERY DAY EXCEPT XMASS – https://vimeo.com/37249758
- 11. Direct cinema • National film board of canada • Robert Drew • Primary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kTqMmA9 bycM • Crisis behind a presidential commitment
- 12. Maysles Borthers Salesman http://www.criterion.com/films/663-salesman Grey gardens Trailer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AI62e0fRieo Scene http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuDMkPq97MA Gimme shelter • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=twm0ghxcZVg
- 13. D A Pennybaker • Don’t look back • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VY4HtQ- XJQE
- 14. Frederick Wiseman • Titicut follys • https://vimeo.com/22027387 • High school • https://vimeo.com/33106329
- 15. Cinema verite • Jean Rouch • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpxVtFQg S4o
- 16. BARBRA KOPPLE • HARLAN COUNTY USA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8dfzWdK WZg
- 17. Eroll Morris • Thin blue line • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zUJfrW1h NBk