Ip
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This document discusses IP addressing and subnetting. It begins by explaining what an IP address is and how subnet masks are used to divide the address into a network and host portion. Various IP address classes and subnet mask lengths are presented. The document then demonstrates how to perform subnetting calculations to divide a network into multiple subnets and allocate host addresses within each subnet. Decimal to binary conversions and subnet mask bit calculations are also covered.
Ip
- 1. 1 Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. IPv4 IP ADDRESSING
- 2. 2© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential 10.10.10.10 What is this ? Just Set of numbers; IP address without network mask is just set of numbers.
- 3. 3© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential 10.10.10.10 /24 IP add is a 4Octate, 4byte, 32bit address 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
- 4. 4© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential 2414 5262 Area Code Subscriber No. 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I N/W Bits Host Bits
- 5. 5© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I N/W Bits N/W add – 10 . 10 . 10 . 0 / 24 Host add– 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24
- 6. 6© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential 210. 10 . 10 . 10 / 8 What is N/W add? What is Host add?
- 7. 7© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential DECIMAL to BINARY CONVERSION I I I I I I I I 04 3 1257 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
- 8. 8© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential BINARY TO DECIMAL CONVERSION I I I I I I I I 10 - 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 130 - 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 255 - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
- 9. 9© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential 10 . 10 . 10 . 10 / 24 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0000000 255 . 255 . 255 . 0 Prefix Mask Subnet Mask
- 10. 10© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential CLASS OF ADDRESS CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS E 1 – 126 255.0.0.0 /8 2 128 – 191 255.255.0.0 /16 2 192 – 223 255.255.255.0 /24 2 224 – 239 /1 - /32 240 – 255 /1 - /32 24 16 8 Public IP ADD Distribution purpose Multicast purpose Research purpose Subnet Mask Prefix Mask Hosts Per Subnet 127 – Universal Loopback 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
- 11. 11© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential Hosts Per Bit I I I I I I I I 15 4 2368 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
- 12. 12© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential How will you read this 130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 16 Class B address with default mask of 16 bits 130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24 Class B address with Subnet mask of 24 bits If mask is more then given mask it is called subnet 130 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 8 Class B address with Supernet mask of 8 bits If mask is less then given mask it is called supernet
- 13. 13© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential US BLR BKC 16.0.0.0 /8
- 14. 14© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential BKC VashiAndheri MS NP 12 Users 24 Users 28 Users 30 Users 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24
- 15. 15© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential Bits to mask 116 8 2432128 64 I I I I I I I I++ + + + + +
- 16. 16© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential BKC VashiAndheri MS NP 12 Users 24 Users 28 Users 30 Users 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24 16.20.20.1/27 16.20.20.2/27 16.20.20.34/27 16.20.20.33/27 16.20.20.66/27 16.20.20.65/27 16.20.20.98/27 16.20.20.97/27 16.20.20.226/27 16.20.20.225/27 16.20.20.194/27 16.20.20.193/2716.20.20.161/27 16.20.20.162/27 16.20.20.130/27 16.20.20.129/27
- 17. 17© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential BKC VashiAndheri MS NP 12 Users 24 Users 28 Users 30 Users 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24 16.20.20.1/30 16.20.20.2/30 16.20.20.5/30 16.20.20.6/30 16.20.20.9/30 16.20.20.10/30 16.20.20.13/30 16.20.20.14/30 16.20.20.226/27 16.20.20.225/27 16.20.20.194/27 16.20.20.193/2716.20.20.161/27 16.20.20.162/27 16.20.20.130/27 16.20.20.129/27
- 18. 18© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 /24 Requirement : - I need 4 networks ; IP subnet zero is not allowed Q1) what is the first Valid host address Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address
- 19. 19© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 /24 Requirement : - I need 6 host add Q1) what is the first Valid host address Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address
- 20. 20© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential 0 /27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 /27 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 32 /27 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 63 /27 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 64 /27 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 /27 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 I I I I I I I I
- 21. 21© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 0 . 0 /16 Requirement : - I need 1000 host add Q1) what is the first Valid host address Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address
- 22. 22© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential GIVEN: 16 . 20 . 0 . 0 /16 Requirement : - I need 500 N/W Add Q1) what is the first Valid host address Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address
- 23. 23© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential GIVEN: 16 . 0 . 0 . 0 /8 Requirement : - I need 4096 N/W Add Q1) what is the first Valid host address Q2) What is the 2nd last broadcast address
- 24. 24© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential 16 . 20 . 20 . 0 / 24 I I I I I I I I N/W Bits
- 25. 25© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Session Number Presentation_ID Cisco Confidential