intelligncy
Download as DOCX, PDF0 likes64 views
1. Intelligence is defined as the ability to learn, reason, problem solve, and think abstractly. It can be observed in humans, animals and plants. 2. There are many types of intelligence including linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. 3. Factors that influence human intelligence include genetics, health, gender, education, poverty level, and environment. Intelligence is often measured using IQ tests.
More Related Content
Similar to intelligncy (20)
More from Burhan Hadi (20)
intelligncy
- 1. University of Babylon, faculty of Nursing Psychology for Nurses Lecture: Intelligence Introduction Definition: The capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem solving. More generally, it can be described as the ability to perceive or infer information, and to retain it as knowledge to be applied towards adaptive behaviors within an environment or context. Intelligence is most often studied in humans but has also been observed in both non-human animals and in plants. Intelligence in machines is called artificial intelligence, which is commonly implemented in computer systems using programs and, sometimes, appropriate hardware. Intelligence is a mental capability not a thing Intelligence cannot be captured in a single number Intelligence enables individuals to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment Thinking refers to how we use our intelligence Types of Intelligence 1. Linguistic Intelligence: “word smart” Capacity to use language, your native language, and perhaps other languages, to express what's on your mind and to understand other people Linguistic Intelligence traits. Linguistic intelligent is the sensitivity to the meanings and sounds of words and mastery of syntax. 2. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence “number/reasoning smart” The capacity to reason, calculate, recognize patterns, and handle logical thinking. Understanding of objects and symbols Logical-mathematical Intelligence traits: likes to count, likes to be organized, good at problem solving. 3. Spatial Intelligence “picture smart” The ability to represent the outer world internally in your mind. The capacity to perceive the visual world accurately and to perform transformations upon perceptions It is the ability to re-create aspects of visual experience in the absence of physical stimuli Spatial Intelligence Traits: likes art, drawing, sculpting, painting, good at reading maps, thinks in pictures, can visualize or imagine vividly. 4. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence “body smart” The capacity to use your whole body or parts of your body: (your hands, your fingers, your arms), in highly skilled ways for expressive or goal-directed purposes (solve a problem, make something, or put on some kind of production). Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence traits: good sense of balance, good sense of rhythm, is graceful in movements, good hand-eye coordination, can communicate ideas through gesture. 5. Musical Intelligence “music smart”
- 2. Sensitivity to individual tones and phrases of music, an understanding of ways to combine tones and phrases into larger musical rhythms and structures, awareness of emotional aspects of music Musical Intelligence traits: sensitive to sound patterns, has a good sense of pitch and rhythm, aware of complex structure of musical notes. 6. Interpersonal Intelligence “people smart” Ability to notice and make distinctions among the moods, temperaments, motivations, and intentions of other people and potentially to act on this knowledge. Interpersonal Intelligence traits: good at negotiating, enjoys company, gets on well with others, and likes team work, sensitive to the feelings of others. 7. Intrapersonal Intelligence “self-smart” The ability to access, understand and communicate one's own inner feelings. Ability to draw on one’s emotions to guide and understand one’s behavior, recognition of personal strengths and weaknesses Intrapersonal Intelligence traits: self-knowledge, deeply aware of one’s own feelings, good at following instincts, self-motivated. 8. Naturalist Intelligence “nature smart” The ability to see patterns in nature and work in natural environment Sensitivity and understanding of plants, animals, and other aspects of nature Naturalist Intelligence traits: feels at their best in nature, sensitive to ecology, sensitive to environmental and animal abuse. Factors Influencing Human Intelligence 1. Genetics Heredity provided the physical body to be developed with certain inherent capabilities while environment provides for the maturation and training of the organism. 2. Human Health and physical development Physical and mental health is related to one’s ability to engage in mental activity to the extent that an individual achieves success. Physical defects such as in complete maturation of brain cells sensory and physical handicaps interfere with observable intelligent behavior. 3. Gender Boys and girls tend to be equivalent in most aspects of intelligence. The average IQ scores of boys and girls is virtually identical. Studies have shown no significant differences between male and female. On the average, females seem to be stronger in verbal fluency, in writing, in perceptual speed (starting at age 2). On average, males tend to be stronger in visual-spatial processing, in science, and in mathematical problem solving (starting at age 3). Differences in intelligence are caused partially by environmental conditions. 4. Schooling (Attending Schools) Attending school makes individuals more intelligent Children from families of low socioeconomic state and those from families of high socioeconomic state make comparable improvements in school achievement during the school year 5. Poverty
- 3. The more years children spend in poverty, the lower their IQs tend to be. Children from lower economic state homes score 10-15 points below their middle-class age mates on IQ tests. Children from wealthier homes score better on IQ test than children from poorer homes. The greater the gap in wealth in a country the greater the difference in IQ scores. Inadequate diet for long-term period can disrupt brain development. Long-term or short-term inadequate diet at any point in life can impair immediate intellectual functioning Intelligence Quotient (IQ) This measure is used to indicate a child’s intelligence comparative to others of the same age. IQ tests measure an individual’s probable performance in school and similar settings Frequently used test for IQ: The WechslerIntelligence Scale A. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) Used with children 6 to 16 B. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) Used with people 17 and older A. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) Each test is made of 12 parts Each part begins with the simplest questions and progresses to increasingly difficult ones Performance Scale (6 parts) Spatial and perceptual abilities Measures fluid intelligence Verbal Scale (6 parts) General knowledge of the world and skill in using language Measures crystallized intelligence Verbal IQ is based on: Information: Measures a child's range of factual information Examples: 1. What day of the year is New Year Day? 2. How many wings does a bird have? 3. What is steam made of? Similarities: Measures a child's ability to categorize Examples: 1. In what way are wool and cotton alike? 2. In what way are a lion and a tiger alike? 3. In what way are a saw and a hammer alike? Arithmetic: Measures the ability to solve computational math problems Example: If I buy 250 dinars worth of chocolate and give the clerk 1300 dinars. How much I would get back in change? Vocabulary: Measures the ability to define words Example: What does “telephone” mean? Comprehension: Measures the ability to answer common sense questions Examples: 1. Why do people buy electrical heater? 2. What should you do if you see someone forget his book when he leaves a restaurant?
- 4. 3. What is the advantage of keeping money in a bank? Digit Span: Measures short-term auditory memory. Artificial intelligence: define artificial intelligence as “a system’s ability to correctly interpret external data, to learn from such data, and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation. Achievements in artificial intelligence include constrained and well defined problems such as games, crossword-solving and optical character recognition and a few more general problems such as autonomous cars. General intelligence or strong AI has not yet been achieved and is a long-term goal of AI research. Among the traits that researchers hope machines will exhibit are reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, communication, perception, and the ability to move and to manipulate Objects. In the field of artificial intelligence there is no consensus on how closely the brain should be simulated.