The West.pdf
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This document summarizes key events, people, policies, and cultural aspects of groups that lived in the American West between 1848 and 1890. It describes the westward expansion fueled by the Gold Rush, conflicts between native Americans and white settlers/government over land and resources, the building of the transcontinental railroad, the cowboy culture that developed after the Civil War, the movement of farmers onto the Great Plains following the Homestead Act, and the decline of native populations and way of life.
The West.pdf
- 4. Key Tensions Native Americans • Railroads • U. S. Gov. • Bison hunters Ranchers Farmers
- 6. Groups of the West: 1. Miners 2. Railroads 3. Cowboys 4. Farmers 5. Native Americans
- 7. Miners
- 8. 1848 California Gold Rush
- 9. 1848 California Gold Rush
- 11. • 1859 Comstock Silver Lode, NV • 1850s-1890s: Colorado • 1874 Black Hills, SD Gold Rush • 1896 Klondike Gold Rush, Yukon
- 12. Panning
- 13. Sluicing
- 14. Prospecting
- 21. Miners Key Events: • 1848 California Gold Rush • 1859 Comstock Silver Lode, NV • 1850s-1890s: Colorado • 1874 Black Hills, SD Gold Rush • 1896 Klondike Gold Rush,Yukon
- 22. Miners Key People: • ’49s • CivilWar veterans • Young men • Immigrants
- 23. Miners Government Policies: • Vigilante justice • Land grants to mining companies
- 24. Miners Cultural Characteristics: • Surface mining • Panning • Sluicing • Mine shafts
- 25. Railroads
- 27. Union Pacific + Central Pacific = Transcontinental RR Promontory Point, UT, May 10, 1869
- 28. Railroads Key People Irish and African Americans : from East Chinese: from West
- 29. Hell on Wheels
- 30. Railroads Key Events: • 1869 – transcontinental RR completed at Promontory Point, Utah
- 31. Railroads Key People: • CivilWar vets • Irish • African Americans • Chinese
- 32. Railroads Government Policies: • Land to RR companies • Union Pacific RR (E toW) • Central Pacific RR (W to E)
- 33. Railroads Cultural Characteristics: • Hell on Wheels camps
- 34. Cowboys
- 35. Ranchers • Long drives • Chisholm Trail • 1880 - barbed wire • 1883- droughts • 1887- blizzards
- 36. • Cowboy culture: – Mexican vaquero traditions – Boots – Spurs – Chaps – 6 shooters – Good songs – Loneliness
- 39. Cowboys Key Events: • 1880 – barbed wire • 1883 – droughts • 1887 – blizzards
- 40. Cowboys Key People: • Joseph McKoy • Buffalo Bill Hickok
- 41. Cowboys Government Policies: • Open range system • Transcontinental RR
- 42. Cowboys Cultural Characteristics: • Multiethnic • Mexican vaquero traditions • Branding • Corralling • RR drives • Refrigerator cars
- 43. Farmers
- 45. The Reality:“My First House in Neb, 1880”
- 46. A Pioneer’s Sod House, SD
- 49. Morrill Act: farm colleges NCSU Freshman class 1889
- 50. Farmers Key Events: • 1862 Homestead Act • 1889 OK Land Rush
- 51. Farmers Key People: • Homesteader families • Exodusters led by Benjamin Singleton
- 52. Farmers Government Policies: • Homestead Act of 1862 • Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862
- 53. Farmers Cultural Characteristics: • Sod houses and dugouts • Plows and reapers • Windmills • Barbed wire • Dependence on railroads and eastern banks
- 54. Native Americans
- 57. 1871-1875: 11,000,000 bison slaughtered!
- 60. Buffalo Soldiers
- 61. 1864: Sand Creek, CO Massacre
- 62. 1866-1868: Red Cloud’s War • vs. white setters on Bozeman Trail • Fetterman Massacre, 1866 – 81 soldiers killed
- 63. Treaty of Ft. Laramie, 1868 • established Great Sioux Reservation • encouraged native transition to farming and "white man's way of life"
- 64. 1876: Battle of Little Big Horn Sitting Bull vs. George Armstrong Custer
- 65. 1877: Nez Percé retreat led by Chief Joseph
- 66. Helen Hunt Jackson A Century of Dishonor (1881) Ramona (1884)
- 67. Geronimo, Apache Chief 1886 surrender = end of native resistance
- 68. Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Assimilation Policy Carlisle Indian School, PA
- 71. Natives Key Events: • 1864 Chivington Sand Creek Massacre • 1866-1868 Red Cloud’sWar • 1868 Treaty of Ft. Laramie • 1876 Battle of Little Big Horn/Custer’s Last Stand • 1880s Ghost Dance • 1890 Wounded Knee Massacre
- 72. Natives Key People: • Red Cloud of Lakota • Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse of Sioux • Chief Joseph of Nez Perce • Geronimo of Apache • Col. John Chivington • Col. George Armstrong Custer • Buffalo soldiers • Helen Hunt Jackson’s Century of Dishonor
- 73. Natives Government Policies: • Reservations • Broken treaties (Ft. Laramie) • Dawes Severalty Act
- 74. Natives Cultural Characteristics: • Nomadic dependence on bison • Slaughter of bison led to starvation/end of lifestyle