How to steal and modify data using Business Logic flaws - Insecure Direct Object References
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This document discusses insecure direct object references (IDOR), which occur when a developer exposes references like file or database keys without access control. This allows attackers to access unauthorized data by manipulating the references. The document provides examples of IDOR vulnerabilities found in Twitter, Oculus, Square, Zapier, and WordPress. It emphasizes having a generic access control model, using user IDs instead of numeric IDs, and thoroughly reviewing code to prevent IDOR issues.
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How to steal and modify data using Business Logic flaws - Insecure Direct Object References
- 1. detectify detectify SECURITY FOR DEVELOPERS
- 2. Remember the AT&T Hack? #freeweev detectify
- 3. …or how about the Apple Developer site! detectify incident? #down4maint
- 4. What do they have in common? detectify
- 5. What do they have in common? detectify IDOR #wth?
- 6. detectify Frans Rosén! @fransrosen! #hacktheplanet
- 8. detectify Hacked a few #nightime 0x09 in Google Hall of Fame! www.google.com/about/appsecurity/hall-of-fame/
- 9. detectify …a few more #uhere?
- 10. detectify aaand a few more #sorry
- 11. What does it mean? #owasp4 detectify “A direct object reference occurs when a developer exposes a reference to an internal implementation object, such as a file, directory, or database key. ! ! Without an access control check or other protection, attackers can manipulate these references to access unauthorized data.”
- 12. I! Insecure D! Direct O! Object R! Reference detectify Without proper access control exposing unauthorized data, such as a file, directory, or database key.
- 13. Eye-ball the URL #waitisover detectify
- 14. Eye-ball the URL #waitisover detectify Ouch.
- 15. detectify Update a user #totallylegit
- 16. detectify Update a user #totallylegit Ouch.
- 17. detectify Business Impact #obvious • Keys, Passwords! • Credit Card Data! • User Information / Email! • Invoices / Billing Data!
- 18. Business Impact #notsoobvious Numeric IDs for Order Receipts! ! “Not found” vs “No access”! ! Poll every day, you get analytics!! $$$! detectify
- 19. Business Impact #notsoobvious Numeric IDs for email invites = spam.! ! ! detectify Found by d4d1a179c0f3 https://hackerone.com/reports/1533
- 20. Business Impact #evenworse Change Delivery Address of an order.! ! Deleting another user’s information.! ! Reclaiming other user’s data. Gift Certificates anyone? detectify
- 21. detectify Are you fully protected?
- 22. detectify Why so few? #ohnoez 1. No secure access model.! ! “User X should only have access to A” “User X that has access to A should only have access to B”! ! and so on…
- 23. detectify Why so few? #ohnoez 2. Numeric IDs.! ! Enumerable/Sequential. Decrease value with 1 and try. ! ! Easy to test. Easy to attack.
- 24. detectify Why so few? #ohnoez 3. Error messages show and tell.! ! “User X cannot view object owned by User Y”! ! “No access to this object” ! ! “Object does not exist”
- 25. detectify Why so few? #ohnoez 4. Inconsequent ID sources.! ! /receipt/view/434! ! /receipt/?view=434! ! POST /receipt/view/ HTTP/1.1! receipt=434
- 26. detectify Why so few? #ohnoez 5. Lack of proper code review.! ! How to automate this?
- 28. detectify Example – Twitter Credit Card deletion from other users.! ! Sequential IDs when deleting cards.! ! Bounty $2,800 Found by secgeek (Ahmed Aboul-‐Ela) https://hackerone.com/reports/27404
- 29. detectify Example – Oculus RCE through IDOR! ! Sequential IDs when updating users.! ! Bounty in total $25,000 Found by Bitquark (Jon) https://bitquark.co.uk/blog/2014/08/31/ popping_a_shell_on_the_oculus_developer_portal
- 30. detectify Example – Square Update other users / Get user info! ! ID as hashes, but visible using Google.! ! No check if user was in another company.! ! Bounty $3,000 ! https://hackerone.com/reports/23126
- 31. detectify Example – Zapier Get log-history from other user’s Zaps.! ! Contained sensitive information such as OAuth tokens / Credentials,! ! No access control for log entries.! ! Bounty $3,000 ! https://zapier.com/engineering/bug-‐bounty-‐program/
- 32. detectify Example – getClouder Remove Cloud Scaling for other users.! ! No check if user owned the Cloud Scaling setting.! ! Bounty $200
- 33. detectify Example – WordPress Get all users on a WordPress site.! ! .com/?author=1! ! WONTFIX by Wordpress ! http://hackertarget.com/wordpress-‐user-‐enumeration/
- 34. Doing it right. #anyoneoutthere? detectify
- 35. detectify Doing it right. #hellyeh 1. User ID in Session or Token! ! /user/view/me! /user/transactions
- 36. detectify Doing it right. #hellyeh 2. Make generic access model and stick to it.! ! function get($type, $id) { //check access for all objects }! ! $user->get(‘transaction’, $id);! // if not owned by user! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! // then error!!
- 37. detectify Doing it right. #hellyeh 3. Access model in routes or controllers.! ! Stick to it! Easy to miss.! !
- 38. detectify Doing it right. #hellyeh 4. Code review. Don’t miss this.! !
- 39. Quick repetition #eatsleepraverepeat detectify 1. IDORs are bad. Easy to exploit. East to find.! ! 2. Being actively exploited as we speak. Worth €€€! ! 3. Generic access model.! ! 4. Numeric IDs vs Hashes! ! 5. Review your code.
- 40. detectify THAT’S ALL FOLKS!! Questions?! ! by Frans Rosén (@fransrosen) www.detectify.com