The document is an introduction to WebAssembly by Gabriele Falasca, outlining its significance in improving web application performance by enabling near-native execution speeds in browsers. It explains that WebAssembly is a low-level, portable format that can compile C/C++ code for use in web applications, allowing seamless integration with JavaScript. The document also touches on the evolution of web technologies and how WebAssembly provides a solution to performance challenges faced by traditional JavaScript frameworks.