CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - PRODUCTION, LOCATION AND CHANGE: 11.2 THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHANGE
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Agriculture in Jamaica is characterized by both traditional crops like sugar and bananas and non-traditional crops such as sweet potatoes and hot peppers, yet faces challenges such as declining export prices and land degradation. The Jamaican government is promoting agricultural diversification and has introduced policies aimed at enhancing productivity and sustainability within the sector. Kew Park Farm exemplifies mixed commercial farming in the region and plays a crucial role in local employment while navigating government policies and market demands.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - PRODUCTION, LOCATION AND CHANGE: 11.2 THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHANGE
- 2. KEYTERMSANDDEFINITIONS Traditional crops are major crops that have been cultivated over a long period of time. Non-traditional crops are newer crops cultivated on a reasonably large scale which mark the diversification of agricultural production. Marginal land is land of poor quality because of a lack of nutrients, soil erosion, distance from market or other human and physical factors. Preferential treatment refers to the preferential access to EU markets given to former colonies of European Union countries for a certain time period so their economies could adjust to EU trade policies. Agricultural diversification is the process by which countries and individual farms expand the range of their activities. Niche market is the subset of the market on which a specific product is focusing.
- 3. TOPICSUMMARY Agriculture remains vital to the lives of many individual people and communities, and to the economies of so many countries, particularly in the developing world. ● Jamaica has considerable variety of topography and geology with approximately half the island above 1000 m, which has a significant influence on its various microclimates. ● Agriculture in Jamaica is dominated by the production of traditional crops such as sugar, bananas, coffee, cocoa and spices. In addition, a number of non-traditional crops including sweet potatoes, yams and hot peppers are cultivated for both domestic and international markets.
- 5. TOPICSUMMARY Over the past two decades the major export earner, sugar, has experienced a considerable decline. Both sugar and bananas in particular have had to contend with price and market insecurity as a result of preference erosion in the EU market. ● The total amount of land in farming fell by almost 23 per cent between 1996 and 2007 as significant areas of marginal land were abandoned. ● Climatic hazards often impact substantially on farming in Jamaica. ● In response to the challenges facing the industry, the Jamaican government announced a new policy for a sustainable local sugar industry.
- 7. TOPICSUMMARY The New Agricultural Development Plan aims to increase production in eight key areas. ● As exports of some traditional farm products have declined, the Jamaican government has tried to encourage agricultural diversification. ● Jamaica is having to address the issue of land degradation. ● The government has recognised the contribution ICT can make to enhancing the sector’s efficiency and productivity. ● The range of policies introduced by the government in recent years has undoubtedly helped to bring about beneficial changes in Jamaican agriculture.
- 8. TOPICSUMMARY Kew Park Farm is a mixed commercial farm in the west of Jamaica. ● This is a very hilly part of Jamaica. About 30 per cent of Kew Park can only be accessed on foot and about 15 per cent of the total area is not farmed at all. ● Most of the farmed area is allocated to beef cattle; much of the breeding research for the Jamaican Red Poll was conducted here. ● Land is also allocated to pigs, free-range chickens, coffee, ortaniques and lychees.
- 10. TOPICSUMMARY Life in rural Jamaica is not easy and Kew Park provides the only full-time employment in the area. ● The farm also has to be aware of government agricultural policies and incentives. Often the balance between costs and revenue is marginal, which makes correct decision-making crucial. ● Diversification has been important to maintaining profitability. The international marketing of Kew Park Essentials has been an important part of this process.
- 11. ADDITIONALWORKS 1. Select one of Jamaica’s traditional crops and research its production and markets for the past twenty years. 2. Search the internet to find out more information about Kew Park Farm.