QUATERNİON SECURİTY USİNG MODİFYİNG VERNAM CİPHER WİTH İMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY

The International Journal of Multimedia & Its Applications (IJMA) Vol.11, No.03, June 2019
DOI:10.5121/ijma.2019.11301 1
QUATERNİON SECURİTY USİNG MODİFYİNG
VERNAM CİPHER WİTH İMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY
Huda H.Al.ghuraify1
, Dr.Ali A.Al-bakry2
, Dr. Ahmad T. Al-jayashi3
1
Engineering technical college, Al-Furat Al-Awsat University, Iraq
2
Dean of engineering technical college, Al-Furat Al-Awsat University, Iraq
3
Assistance dean of engineering technical college, Al-Furat Al-Awsat University, Iraq
ABSTRACT
The Internet is the essential wellspring of data in the present life where it offers the trade of data to the
clients.The exchange of such data prompts an incredible security danger. Cryptography and steganography
are two issues in security systems.Cryptography jumbles the message to be incomprehensible While
Steganography shroud the message To be invisible. Therefore, Encryption any private data before
concealing in the cover object will provide twofold security. This paper presents a technique for disguise
message with four levels of security where the message first encrypt using modifying vernam cipher, in
which the initial key originate automatically from random pixel of camouflage cover and alter continuously
along message length then embedded cipher message in grayscale cover image, after that encrypt this
cover using modifying vernam cipher also then embedded it in RGB color cover image. The simulation
consequence illustrates that the scheme provides better protection.
KEYWORDS
Image steganography , modifying vernam cipher , message security, dual cryptography , spatial
domain
1. INTRODUCTİON
In the current movement of the universe, the technologies have innovative so much that
numerous of the persons favor utilizing the internet as the fundamental media to transfer data
from one zone to another. There are various feasible methods to transmit information utilizing the
internet such as chats, e-mails, etc. The information transfer is accomplished extremely simple,
quick and accurate utilizing the internet. However, one of the foremost conundrum with dispatch
data over the internet is the security menace where the private data can be hooked in several
ways. Therefore, it becomes significant to take information security as one of the most important
factors that require care during the information transmitting[1].
Cryptography and steganography are intimately associated procedure where the objective of these
techniques is supplied information security and secure communicating[2].The aim of
cryptography is to supply safe communications by altering the information into a fashion that
cannot be comprehended[3].Essentially, it comprises a layout of protocols being founded on the
realm of mathematics, computer scientific discipline, and electrical engineering to cipher and
decode data in the state of information and images[4].
Cryptography algorithms categorize into Symmetric cryptography that utilizes private key, and
asymmetric cryptography that utilizes private and public keys together[5].One of the restrictions
of cryptography lies in the fact that the encoded information can generally be noticed during the
transmitting which may allure malicious clients to perform progress examination which may

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guide to its harm or modification[6].Figure 1. demonstrate a common form of Cryptographic
System.
Figure 1. common form of Cryptographic System[7]
On the other hand, Steganography is a prominent branch of data disguise, where private contents
are hiding in carrier file such image to hide its existence without deformation in a carrier.The
term steganography is a derivation from Greek and denotes"covered, or hidden
writing"[8].Basically, steganography mechanisms classify into six types: text, video, image,
protocol, audio, and DNA steganography technique [9].
images could be vigorous host to conceal data because of the capacious spaces that it presents.
Furthermore, vary in images are commonly imperceptible to an exposed eye[2].numerous
researchers utilize the Least Significant Bits algorithms (LSB) to diminish the distortion into the
stego-image[10].Figure.2 illustrates common Principle of Image Steganography System where
The sender aims to transmit a private message to the recipient, therefore select a cover file (c) to
hide the private message (m). The stego file (s) which necessary be indistinguishable from the
cover file (c) where The stego file (s) correspond to the cover file (c) with the private message
(m) which is concealed inside it. In order to intensify the security of the sender, the stego key (k)
is utilized[11].
Figure 2. common Principle of Image Steganography System[11]
The incorporating of cryptography with steganography is quite prominent to preserve the balance
of data occupies in the image where Steganography goal to deceive someone's outlook of
particular data. But if the outlook is inferred existence the information, cryptography will arrogate
to preserve data security [12].
in this paper ,a new method for security of message using modifying vernam cipher with image
steganographyis proposed Where the secret message encrypted first using modifying vernam in

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which the initial key originate automatically from most significant bit ( MSB ) of a random pixel
of camouflage cover image and alter continuously along message length then embedded cipher
message in hybrid cover, first grayscale cover and then after encrypting it with modifying vernam
cipher embedded it in RGB color cover thus provide four levels of security to the embedded
private message.
The other sections of the paper are formed as pursue: In Section 2 demonstratesThe literature
survey.Section 3 explains vernam cipher. Section 4 describes the measurements of appraising the
performance of steganography technique. Section 5describes the measurements for evaluating the
performance of encryption quality.Section 6 illustrated The Proposed algorithm. The Simulation
results are demonstrated in Section 7. Section 8 explains performance comparison and Finally,
Section 9clarify the conclusions follow the pertinent references.
2. LİTERATURE SURVEY
A. Setyono, et. al.[5]proposes a technique for Secure Image Transmission utilizing two
cryptography algorithms that are RSA and Vernam algorithms. The Vernam cipher is
accomplished after RSA cipher because of the idea that Vernam cipher can make the image
random better than RSA . the proposed technique necessitates three inputs as follows : image ,
the key of RSA algorithms and the key of Vernam algorithms. the results that obtained
demonstrate that the proposed techniques improved image security where the size of the original
image is double after encryption.
W.Fitriani ,et .al.[12]Propose a method that combines the cryptography technique with
steganography technique to embed a secret message in RGB color cover image. In this strategy, a
series of characters of the secret message will be changed to byte code and then applying Vernam
cipher to it with a secret key that allocate previously after that every byte of cipher message will
be embedded at the end of the RGB color cover image at each channel where replace the byte of
channel with byte from a secret data. The same key of encryption being repeated to encrypt the
entire plain text and thus must exchange between the communicated party to extract the secret
message exactly.
M.T.Sharabyan and H.Ghorbani[13]Propose a secure manner for the privacy information utilize
the Imperialist Competitive with symmetric cryptography where first, cipher the secret
information as the following depicts : The text is utilized as secret information where first
transform it into characters array then to bits,and afterward encodes the information bits utilizing
symmetric encryption key of 128-bit. The bit array of a secret text is separated into (64 bit)
length then the two parts of (64 bit) length which is 128-bit, is accomplish XOR with an
encryption key which is 128-bit , subsequent, take half of the encrypted part (64 bit) with the
half of other part of an array (64 bit) and accomplish XOR with an encryption key(same key of
128 bit).This step continues until the encryption operation of the array is completed.Then utilize
The Imperialist Competitive Algorithm as a key to conceal a secret data in the cover images of
grayscale type based on the LSB method. The proposed scheme elevate the security of private
information and promote the quality of the stego image and also give it immune to attacks.
V. Yadav and S.K.Sharma [14]utilize a new technique for implement steganography based on a
cover image of HSI color with canny edge detection technique based on the threshold where
conceal private message utilize 2-bit LSB substitution in the edges of the camouflaging cover.
The amount of secret message that is concealed plays a significant job on the determination of
edges where Based on the size of a secret message, the threshold can be adjusted. When the secret
message is very long then select high threshold value to accommodate the message in edges in an
effective manner where The value of high threshold parameter depicts that there are powerful

4
edges present while low edge portrays that there is moderately low edges are available in an
Image. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique efficaciously convert images into
some other shape where the private message is camouflaged.
G.S.Charan ,et. al.[15]propose Novel approach based LSB With Multi-Level Encryption for
image steganography where encrypting the plain text into two platforms, during the first platform
it is encrypted utilize Ceaser cipher where each letter of plain text is supplanted by another letter
at distance specify by given key and in the second platform it is encrypted utilizing chaos theory
where the chaotic sequences created from various initial conditions that are free of one another
and each part of secret data is encrypted with various initial conditions subsequently all parts are
converged into cipher text then the cipher text embedding into a color image using 3, 3, 2 LSB
where first 3 bits of ciphers are substitute with( 3 LSB) bits of red channel, next 3 bits of ciphers
are substitute with (3 LSB) bits of green channel, and last 2 bits of ciphers are substitute with (2
LSB) bits of blue channel.
M. Junejaand P. S. Sandhu[16]Propose a scheme that incorporates cryptography and random
pixel conceal to achieve high resistance to attacks. The proposed algorithm integrating Hybrid
feature detection technique that incorporates Canny and Hough transform for branched an image
according to the edge and smooth region then utilize LSB Technique for concealing encrypted
messages with AES in these regions.The procedure for implemented this method as the following
depicted : Extraction of Edge and smooth areas from Input cover image by utilizing integrating
Hybrid feature detection technique that incorporates Canny and Hough transform where using an
enhanced of Hough transform algorithms by merging the classical with generalized of Hough
transform for extract lines , circles and edge boundaries.the Secret text message is encrypted
firstly utilizing AES then concealing the encrypted secret message randomly where using Two
Component -based ( LSB ) Substitution Technique For edge areas and Adaptive (LSB) method
For smooth areas.
D. Adiyan, et. al.[17]incorporate steganography with vigenere cipher to achieve Secure
Steganography based on LSB algorithms .in proposed style utilize vigenere table to acquire
encrypt text from plaintext where the character on the plaintext list into rows, and the character
on the key list into columns Thus can get ciphertext from plaintext and a secret key by utilizing
vigenere table then conceal encrypted text in the image using LSB algorithm. The secret message
that encrypted with utilizing vigenere cipher in sending part need to processed again after
extracted from the stego image in receiving part where utilize vigenere table again with a secret
key to acquire the plaintext that represents a secret message.
P. Srilakshmi, et. al.[18]proposed image steganography technique in the spatial domain for text
concealing where the text is embedded into the image based on reference according to the key,
the retrieve of text is only attainable when the key is recognized. The proposed work is
considered as the advancement of LSB method and Pixel Indexing method That utilize one of the
color matrices as the key to point out where the secret message is concealed into the cover image.
the result demonstrates that the proposed method is secured and complex to distinguish the data
embedded into the image.
Table 1 describes the comparison of the proposed algorithm with other algorithms that utilize
encryption for the secret message then concealing as explained it above.

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Table 1. comparison of the proposed algorithm with otheralgorithmsin Literatures survey
ref
Type of
secret
data
Type of
cover
image
Embedd
ing
domain
algorithms
Type of security for
secret data
Before steganography
Comments on
algorithms
[12]
Text
message
RGB
color
Spatial
domain
embedded data
at the end of the
RGB color
cover image
Vernam cipher
with a secret key that
allocates previously
The key that
allocated repeated
to encrypt the
entire message
[13]
Text
message
grayscale
Spatial
domain
LSB algorithms
with the
Imperialist
Competitive
symmetric encryption
with a key of 128-bit
The key allocated
previously
[15]
Text
message
RGB
Color
Spatial
domain
3, 3, 2 LSB
algorithms
utilize Ceaser cipher
then
encrypted utilize
chaos theory
Require a secret
key for Ceaser
cipher and initial
conditions for
chaos theory
[17]
Text
message
either
RGB
Color or
grayscale
Spatial
domain
LSB algorithms vigenere cipher
Require utilizes
vigenere table
again with a secret
key to acquire the
plaintext at
receiving side
Proposed
method
Text
message
Both
RGB
cover and
grayscale
cover
Spatial
domain
LSB algorithms
Doul cryptography of
Modifying
Vernam cipher
One for a secret
message and other for
grayscale cover
Create secret key
based on the initial
key that originates
automatically
from camouflage
cover image
3. VERNAM CİPHER
Vernam cipher is an encryption manner that is performed by convert each bit individually with
other bits utilize XOR manner where each bit from the private message will be XOR operation
with another bit from the secret key. The decoding procedure of a secret message is realised by
the task of XOR between the encoded message and the secret key [12].It can be the unsolved
algorithm if it specifies the following express.first, the key span along the length of the message.
second, the utilized key ought to be random and third should be utilized onlyone time[5].
4. MEASUREMENTS OF APPRAİSİNG THE PERFORMANCE OF A
STEGANOGRAPHİC TECHNİQUE
For appraise the performance of stego image with regard to cover image, numerous parameters
have been deliberated such asMSE,PSNR,Er and SSIM[19]as explained below:
4.1. Mean Square Error (Mse)
the average of the deviation between the cover image without private data and the cover image
with private data.the lowest value of MSE is desired[20]. The MSE is given as follows in eq.(1)

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Where:
Cover(i,j) :stand for original image before embedded secret data;Stego(i,j) : stand for original
image with embedded secret data ;M : represent number of rows; N:represent number of columns.
4.2. Peak Signal-To-Noise Ratio (PSNR )
PSNR describes the comparison between the greatest energy of a signal and the rumpus influence
its characteristics. Great PSNR value commonly demonstrates great image characteristic, while
lesser PSNR value demonstrates a lesser characteristic [21].PSNR will be computed utilizing the
eq.( 2)
Where:
p2
is the greatest value of the pixel in an image.
4.3. Embedding Capacity
It is aprominent indicator to evaluate steganography method. It represents the amount of private
data disguised in the cover image to the number of pixels belong to that cover. It denominates as
embedding rate [22]and calculates as follows in eq .(3)
Where:
S: represent secret data embedded into the cover image ; W , H : represent the size of a cover
image.
4.4. Structural Similarity İndex Metric (SSIM)
SSIM intend to appraise characteristic by comparing the closeness between images[23].A good
stego image should be capable to produce a numerical quantity of SSIM that is approximately 1.
the SSIM can be computed according to eq .(4) below
Where:
C and S: refer to reference and test image respectively .In this case reference image stand for
cover image and test image stand for stego image ; σc and σs: refer to a standard deviation of C

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and S respectively ; μcand μs: stand for mean value of C and Srespectively ; c1 , c2 : stand for
stabilization constant ; σcs : indicate the correlation betweenC and S
5. MEASUREMENTS FOR EVALUATİNG THE PERFORMANCE OF
ENCRYPTİON QUALİTY
The consequence of test encryption quality will be deliberated by utilizing entropy value , SSIM
and histogram analysis [24].as explain below:
5.1. Entropy
In a system, The data entropy is characterized as locution the level of uncertainty of the system
data.if the system is deliberate as an image, the data entropy is characterized as locution the level
of the irregularity of the image data. Data entropy basically evaluates the distributing of the gray
level of pixel values in an image. The data entropy estimation of an encoded image ought to be
near the value 8[25] . the formula for depicting data entropy is as pursue in eq .(5)
n : the data source ; p(ni) : the probability ofthe symbol ni ; E(n) : the data entropy.
5.2. Histogram
The histogram represents the distributing of pixel quantities in an image. proper encryption
consequence should produce the distributing of pixels comparatively alike [24].
5.3. Structural Similarity İndex Metric (SSIM)
SSIM can be utilized to gauge the nature of image encrypting. This numerical quantity is acquired
by contrasting the reference image and the encoded image. The resultant value scope of SSIM is
0 to 1. A proper encrypting consequence ought to almost certainly produce an estimation of SSIM
that is approximately 0, which implies that the encrypting consequence has no likeness to the
reference image[24].The equation for computing the SSIM has demonstrated above in eq .(4).in
this case, the reference image stands for the image before encryption and test image stand for the
encrypted image.
6. THE PROPOSED ALGORİTHMS
6.1. Sending Part
The proposed scheme includes four stages, first of it utilizing modifying vernam cipher for
private message to encrypt it, the second stage is concealing private message in a grayscale cover
image to provide the second level of security and the third stage is utilizing modifying vernam
cipher to encrypt a grayscale image then concealed it inside a color cover image of any size
utilizing LSB algorithm in the spatial domain. Figure 3demonstrates the sketch that proposed for
protection secret message at sending side.

The International Journal of Multimedia & Its Applications (IJMA) Vol.11, No.0
6.1.1. The Steps that Accomplish
RGB cover image, grayscale cover image , and the private message are utilized here.
The steps of procedure:
1.Read the grayscale cover image.
2.Read the private message then convert it to ascii .
3.Generate an initial key for a secret message from the random pixel of a grayscale cover
image using msb of that pixel as the illustration below:
a. Select a random pixel of the gray cover image then shift the msb of
clear lsb of that pixel.
b. Return msb to the first position by shifting it to left then display the value of it to represent
the initial key.
c. Apply circuit shift by one position to alter the value of initial key according to the leng
the secret message and if the value of it reach initial key again increased it by one then this
increased value represents second initial key and continue until reach value of 255 to
reallocate another random initial key
Figure 3. Block Diagram at sending side
that Accomplish at Sending Part
1.Read the grayscale cover image.
te message then convert it to ascii .
image using msb of that pixel as the illustration below:
Select a random pixel of the gray cover image then shift the msb of that pixel to right thus
Return msb to the first position by shifting it to left then display the value of it to represent
Apply circuit shift by one position to alter the value of initial key according to the leng
reallocate another random initial key as explain below in figure 4:
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that pixel to right thus
Return msb to the first position by shifting it to left then display the value of it to represent
Apply circuit shift by one position to alter the value of initial key according to the length of

Figure 4. description of creating
4.Convert the format of a gray cover image to a binary format to form ((r
of gray cover)) x 8).
5.Convert private message to binary format to form ((r
6.Apply encryption to a private message of the binary format by utilizing modifying vernam
cipher with a secret key that generates initially from grayscale cover image and extends
along message length.
7.Each bit of encrypted private
LSB algorithms to form stego image 1.
8.Read RGB cover image then converts it to a binary format.
9.Separate channel then generate an initial key for encrypting stego image 1 from the random
pixel of one channel by using MSB of that pixel as explaining it above.
10.Each bit of encrypted stego image1 will be concealed in an RGB cover image utilizing
LSB algorithms in the spatial domain where utilize LSB of two channel of RGB color
cover.
11.Write RGB stego-image 2 to the selected location utilizing BMP format.
6.2. Receiving Part
The RGB stego image 2 is utilized as the origin for the extraction stage to extract the private
message without the need for an RGB cover image. Only the following data are
order to extract the private message exactly:
a.the size of the grayscale cover image.
b. the length of the private message.
Figure 5. Demonstrates the sketch that proposed for the extraction of a secret message at the
receiving side.
Figure 4. description of creating an encryption key
4.Convert the format of a gray cover image to a binary format to form ((r(row of gray cover)
5.Convert private message to binary format to form ((r(row private) * c(column private)
7.Each bit of encrypted private message will be concealed in a gray cover image utilizing
LSB algorithms to form stego image 1.
8.Read RGB cover image then converts it to a binary format.
of one channel by using MSB of that pixel as explaining it above.
in the spatial domain where utilize LSB of two channel of RGB color
image 2 to the selected location utilizing BMP format.
message without the need for an RGB cover image. Only the following data are
order to extract the private message exactly:
a.the size of the grayscale cover image.
b. the length of the private message.
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(row of gray cover) ×c(column
(column private))* 8).
message will be concealed in a gray cover image utilizing
in the spatial domain where utilize LSB of two channel of RGB color
image 2 to the selected location utilizing BMP format.
message without the need for an RGB cover image. Only the following data are necessitated in

6.2.1. The Steps That Accomplish At
1. Enter the stego image2 to read it.
2. Convert the format of the stego image2 to
3. Firstly , Separate channel then generates an initial key from the same
channel as that utilizing at sending side.
4. According to the hidden algorithm retrieve the least significant bits from 1 to ((r * c) *8)
bits for stego image 1.
5. The retrieved data form according to ((r * c)
6. Converted binary bits form to decimal fashion according to (r, c) .
7. reshape image to form an entire stego
8. decrypt stego image1 utilizing the initial key that generates and extend along with image
size as depicting the procedure of it at the se
9. Generate an initial key from the same random pixel of decrypted stego image 1 that
utilize at the sending side to decrypt the secret message .
10. According to the hidden algorithm , the least significant from 1 to the length of message
bits retrieve for a secret message then decrypt the secret message using the initial key that
generates and extend along with message size as depicting in sending side then convert it
to a character.
11. Write a private message to a text file.
Figure 5. Block Diagram at receiving side
Steps That Accomplish At Receiving Part
Enter the stego image2 to read it.
Convert the format of the stego image2 to binary shape.
Firstly , Separate channel then generates an initial key from the same random pixel of one
channel as that utilizing at sending side.
According to the hidden algorithm retrieve the least significant bits from 1 to ((r * c) *8)
bits for stego image 1.
The retrieved data form according to ((r * c)retrieved/8) rows and (8) colu
Converted binary bits form to decimal fashion according to (r, c) .
reshape image to form an entire stego-image1.
decrypt stego image1 utilizing the initial key that generates and extend along with image
size as depicting the procedure of it at the sending side.
Generate an initial key from the same random pixel of decrypted stego image 1 that
utilize at the sending side to decrypt the secret message .
According to the hidden algorithm , the least significant from 1 to the length of message
ve for a secret message then decrypt the secret message using the initial key that
Write a private message to a text file.
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random pixel of one
According to the hidden algorithm retrieve the least significant bits from 1 to ((r * c) *8)
/8) rows and (8) columns.
decrypt stego image1 utilizing the initial key that generates and extend along with image
Generate an initial key from the same random pixel of decrypted stego image 1 that
According to the hidden algorithm , the least significant from 1 to the length of message
ve for a secret message then decrypt the secret message using the initial key that

7. SİMULATİON
7.1. Setup
The proposed algorithm was implemented utilizing MATLAB Version (R2017a) with a PC of
description that exhibits as pursues:
7.2. Dataset
Table 3. dataset for test proposed algorithms
7.3. The Resultsand Discussion
7.3.1. Sending Part
As depicted from the visual quality of cover image 2 of RGB color type and stego image 2 of
RGB color type can surmise that the achievement of the steganography scheme for disguising
private data can't be recognized where cover image 2 and stego image 2 compa
side. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Exhibit Sending part utilizing both RGB and grayscale images as
cover to shape stego image where the private data first encrypted utilize modifying vernam cipher
with initial key that generated automatically fro
then embedded it in that cover to form
utilizing modifying vernam cipher also with initial key that generated automatically from second
cover image of RGB color type then embedded cipher form of stego image 1 in that cover to form
stego image 2 as demonstrated below:
Test 1:
a.
description that exhibits as pursues:
Table 2.description of pc
Table 3. dataset for test proposed algorithms
Resultsand Discussion
depicted from the visual quality of cover image 2 of RGB color type and stego image 2 of
private data can't be recognized where cover image 2 and stego image 2 compa
with initial key that generated automatically from random pixel of grayscale cover image and
then embedded it in that cover to form first stego image after that encrypted this stego image 1
color type then embedded cipher form of stego image 1 in that cover to form
stego image 2 as demonstrated below:
a.secret message before and after encryption it
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depicted from the visual quality of cover image 2 of RGB color type and stego image 2 of
private data can't be recognized where cover image 2 and stego image 2 comparable at sending
m random pixel of grayscale cover image and
first stego image after that encrypted this stego image 1
color type then embedded cipher form of stego image 1 in that cover to form

b.grayscale stego image1 before and after encryption it
c.dual cover image
figure 6.Steps of shape stego
According to figure 6, the data encrypted with two symmetric encryption key one of them for a
secret message and other for a stego im
between communicating party for retrieve a secret message precisely where the encryption key
create automatically depend on the initial key and This procedure is extremely significant in
cryptography systematic where if the sender need to alter the encryption key don’t require to
exchange the new key to receiver side thus get rid of pilfer key by attacker and also consume the
time that necessitate to reciprocation the secret key.on the other hand, the len
data length provide preferable robustness to a secret data.
Test 2:
a. secret message before and after encryption it
b. grayscale stego image1 before and after encryption it
b.grayscale stego image1 before and after encryption it
cover image to hide a secret message with stego image2
of shape stego image2 using RGB and grayscale images as cover
secret message and other for a stego image 1 without necessitate exchanging encryption keys
tematic where if the sender need to alter the encryption key don’t require to
time that necessitate to reciprocation the secret key.on the other hand, the len
data length provide preferable robustness to a secret data.
a. secret message before and after encryption it
b. grayscale stego image1 before and after encryption it
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using RGB and grayscale images as cover
age 1 without necessitate exchanging encryption keys
tematic where if the sender need to alter the encryption key don’t require to
time that necessitate to reciprocation the secret key.on the other hand, the length of key a long

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c.dual cover image to hide a secret message with stegoimage 2
figure 7.steps of shape stego image 2 using RGB and grayscale images as cover
According to the consequence of the encrypted data in test 2 deduce that each time change the
initial key of cryptographic algorithms result in alter the entire encryption key and this exhibit
clearly in result of cipher message where the same message utilizes in two test but the cipher of it
be different from one test to another where when initial key be 48 in test 1 lead to cipher message
differ from the cipher that acquire when initial key 128 in test 2 and this proves that each secret
message can encrypt it with different cryptographic key dependent on initial key thus can create a
new key for each secret message utilizing different grayscale cover image with a new initial key.
The same approach is applicable for stego image 1 where can create a new key for each stego
image 1 using different RGB color cover image with a new initial key.
Table 4 demonstrates the performance of proposed algorithms according to steganography system
measurement as depicted below :
Table 4.performance investigation according to steganography system measurement
According to table 4 deduce that value of PSNR value magnifies and value of MSE diminish as
enlarge the size of RGB cover image and this explicitly appear in test 2 when increasing the size
of RGB color cover image and test the performance according to steganography system
measurement.
Table 5 and Table 6 evaluating the performance of the encryption algorithm of grayscale stego
image 1 as depicted below :

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Table 5. performance investigation according to the encryption quality of stego image1
Grayscale
cover size
Test SSIM Entropy Initial key
284*177
(8bpp)
Test 1 0.0064238 7.9963 160
292*173
(8bpp)
Test 2 0.007761 7.9972 224
According to table 5, the encrypting consequence has better execution where entropy value near 8
and SSIM value is near 0 and thus demonstrated that the cipher image doesn't supply any data
about the precisely original image.
Table 6. The histogram of a grayscale stego image 1 before and after encryption
According to table 6, the histogram that created after the encryption process dissimilar with the
histogram of an image before the encryption and yields the distributing of pixels value are
approximately uniform level, thus dependent on the histogram conclude proper encrypting
quality.
7.3.2. Receiving Part
The nature of the recovered information displays that private information and the recovered
information indistinguishable. Figure 8 and Figure 9 exhibit receiving part where first,extract
grayscale stego image then decode it utilizes modifying vernam cipher with the same initial key
that generates automatically from RGB color cover image to shape first grayscale stego image
after that extract mystery message from that image then decode it utilizes modifying vernam
cipher with same initial key that originates automatically from grayscale cover image.

Test 1:
(a).Stego image2 with extract a grayscale stego image1
(b).Grayscale
Figure 8.Steps to extract a secret message from stego image 2 of test 1
Test 2:
(a).Stego image2 with extract grayscale stego image
(b).Grayscale stego image1with extract secret message
figure 9. Steps
(a).Stego image2 with extract a grayscale stego image1
(b).Grayscale stego image1with extract a secret message
(a).Stego image2 with extract grayscale stego image
(b).Grayscale stego image1with extract secret message
figure 9. Steps to extract a secret message from stego image 2 of test 2
15
to extract a secret message from stego image 2 of test 2

16
According to figure 8 and figure 9 deduce that the encryption shape of stego image 1 and a secret
message respectively decrypted with a decryption key that created based on initial key identical
as that utilize at sending side where it originates automatically from MSB of a random pixel of
camouflage image without the need to receive decryption key from sender part.
Table 7 exhibit the time that necessitates for implemented an encryption algorithm of secret data
at sending part and a decryption algorithm of same data after extracted it at the receiver part.
Table 7. The elapsed time that utilizes for encryption and decryption
Test 1 Encryption time Decryption time
Stego-image of
size(284*177)
3.565391second 3.564936seconds
Secret Message 0.020259 seconds 0.035698 seconds
Test 2 Encryption time Decryption time
Stego-image1 of
size(292*173)
3.598676seconds 3.598117 seconds
Secret Message 0.021036 seconds 0.029035 seconds
According to table 7 infer the time that required to encrypt and decrypt secret data either a secret
message or stego image 1 is low, thus depict the better performance of the encryption algorithms.
Figure 10 and figure 11 demonstrate the Relation between magnifying message size and the
steganography system measurement (PSNR value and MSE value).
Figure10.The relation between magnify message size and PSNRdb of stego image 2

Figure 11 . The relation between magnify message size and MSEof stego image 2
According to figure 10 and figure 11 deduce that increase size of a message doesn’t yield effect
in term of steganography system measurement of stego
PSNR value and MSE value endure approximately intact unless altering the size of
8. PERFORMANCE COMPAR
Table 8.demonstrate the comparison of appraisal performance of the steganography
with another algorithm that explained it in section 2 as follows:
Table 8. Comparison of performance investigation
Text size
Length 500
Image name
baboon[31]
Figure 12 demonstrates the comparison of appraisal performance of the encryption algorithm with
another algorithm that explained it in section 2 where we utilize the
the performance of encryption algorithms :
Figure 12 .show the performance investigation of the implemented encryption algorithm
figure 10 and figure 11 deduce that increase size of a message doesn’t yield effect
in term of steganography system measurement of stego-image 2 as illustrated above where the
PSNR value and MSE value endure approximately intact unless altering the size of
OMPARİSON
Table 8.demonstrate the comparison of appraisal performance of the steganography
with another algorithm that explained it in section 2 as follows:
Table 8. Comparison of performance investigation according to steganography measurement
method PSNR MSE details of cover image
Method in
[15]
56.1872 0.1564 Standard RGB Cover of size
( 512 * 512)
Proposed
method
56.3464 0.15081
Standard RGB Cover of Size
( 512*512)
grayscale cover
another algorithm that explained it in section 2 where we utilize the entropy as a measure to test
the performance of encryption algorithms :
17
figure 10 and figure 11 deduce that increase size of a message doesn’t yield effect
image 2 as illustrated above where the
PSNR value and MSE value endure approximately intact unless altering the size of stego image1
Table 8.demonstrate the comparison of appraisal performance of the steganography measurement
according to steganography measurement
details of cover image
Standard RGB Cover of size
( 512 * 512)
Standard RGB Cover of Size
( 512*512)
grayscale cover of size (172*171)
entropy as a measure to test

18
Where :
Test image Mandrill (baboon)[31] which is standard image of grayscale type and size (256* 256)
.
9. CONCLUSİON
In this paper, a technique for veiling message with four levels of security is proposed where
utilize two levels of steganography with two levels of cryptography. In each level of
cryptography utilize Modifying Vernam cipher with the initial key that originates automatically
from a random pixel of camouflage cover. The utilize of Modifying Vernam cipher in
cryptography provide three feature as follows, first The initial key is created automatically from
the camouflage cover image thus don’t need to exchange encryption key. Second Comparable
letters in a message are mapped to various symbols where each letter has a diverse key to encrypt
it and third It is too difficult to be broken where utilize large random key size along data length.
The proposed scheme create better camouflage to evade interloper attention and realize better
performance in term of steganographic system measurement as clarifying according to an analysis
of performance.
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20
AUTHORS
Huda .H. Al.ghuraify received her bachelor degree in communication engineering from
Engineering technical college , najaf , Iraq in 2010.she is currently pursuing The MSC
degree at Engineering technical college , AL-Furat AL Awsat University . Her Research
interests include communication security and image steganography.
Dr .Ali A .Al-bakry was born in Babyloon /Iraq on June 3, 1959. He receivedhis B.Scand
M.Sc.in electrical engineering department, college of engineering,university of Baghdad,
Baghdad, Iraq, in 1982 and in 1994 respectively and his PhD degrees in electrical
engineering from University of Technology (UoT) Baghdad, Iraq, in 2006.Since 2004 he is
electrical engineering professor anda Dean of Al-Najaf Engineering Technical College, Al-
Furat Al-Awsat TechnicalUniversity.His current research interests include high voltage
engineeringTechniques, electrical power system stabilityand intelligent
optimization,electric machine drive, renewable energy, intelligent control techniques,
smartand adaptive control in electric power system.
Dr. Ahmad T. Al-jayashi received his bachelor in electrical engineering fromTikret
university. received his MSC in electrical engineering from university of baghdad and phd
from electrical and computer department of michigan state university.he has more than 29
papers published in different valuable journals and conferences. He is currently working as
assistance dean of al najaf engineering technical collegeAL-Furat AL-AwsatUniversity. his
interested control theory,advance image processing ,security of
communicationsystem,robotics mainpulation systems.he had been chosen as a reviewer
formany journals and conferences.

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