Android development-tutorial

Ilias ahmed
EEL 6788- Advanced Topics in Wireless Networks

Objectives
 Android application development overview
 Getting started

Outline
 Background information
 Creating development environment
 “Hello, Android” tutorial/demo
 Install/Debug application on Android phone device
 “Sensors” API sample demo

What is Android?
 Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating
system, middleware, and key applications.
 Android Software Development Kit (SDK)
 Provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing applications on the
Android platform using the Java programming language.
 Includes a debugger, libraries, a handset emulator (based on QEMU),
documentation, sample code, and tutorials
 Android Market is an online software store developed by Google for Android
devices
 An application program ("app") called "Market" is preinstalled on most
Android devices and allows users to browse and download apps published by
third-party developers, hosted on Android Market
 As of December 2010, the Android Market had over 200,000 applications

History
 Android mobile operating system initially developed by
Android Inc, based in Palo Alto, CA.
 Android's co-founders
 Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger),
 Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.)
 Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile)
 Chris White (headed design and interface development at
WebTV)
 Android was bought by Google in 2005.
 Its co-founders went to work for Google
 Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance
collaborated on Android's development and release
 Android has been available under a free software / open source
license since October ,2008

Meet Android
Co-Founders
 Rick Miner Andy Rubin Nick Sears

Chris White picture not yet found

Operating System Overview
 Powered by the Linux kernel
 Consists of 12 million lines of code including:
3 million lines of XML
2.8 million lines of C
2.1 million lines of Java
1.75 million lines of C++
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)

Current API Distribution
 Version 1.0 was released on 23rd September 2008
 Newest version, 3.0, was release on 26th January
2011.
 Distribution as of 01/04/11

Android Architecture
 5 major components: Applications, Application Frameworks, Libraries,
Android Runtime, and Linux Kernel

Platform Architecture Videos
 Presenter: Mike Cleron, Android development team
member.
 Video 1 of 3 (13 minute): architecture overview +
replacing and reusing components example

Application Components
 An activity presents a visual user interface
Present a list of menu items users can choose
Display photographs along with their captions
Activities work together to form a cohesive user
interface, however each activity is independent of the
others.
 Service doesn't have a visual user interface, runs in the
background for an indefinite period of time
Media player’s music playback service

Application Components
(Cont.)
 Broadcast receiver: is a component that receives and reacts to
broadcast announcements
 let other applications know that some data has been downloaded
to the device and is available for use.
 Content provider :
 Makes a specific set of the application's data available to other
applications
 Enables other applications to retrieve and store data of the type it
controls
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamentals.html

Activity Life Cycle

Android Features
Part 1
 Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components
 Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices
 Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine
 Optimized graphics powered by
 Custom 2D graphics library;
 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware
acceleration optional)
 SQLite for structured data storage
 http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

Android Features
Part 2
 Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats
(MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)
 GSM Telephony (hardware dependent)
 Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
 Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware
dependent)
 Rich development environment including a device emulator,
tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plug-
in for the Eclipse IDE
 http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

Application Fundamentals
 Written in the Java programming language.
 Code along with any required data and resource files are
compiled into an Android package, .apk file.
 Installed on mobile devices
 Runs in its own Linux process
 Has its own virtual machine (VM),
 Is assigned a unique Linux user ID
Permissions are set so that the application's files are visible
only to that user and only to the application itself
 http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/fundamental
s.html

Android Central Feature
 Replace and Reuse
 One application can make use of elements of other applications provided
those applications permit it.
 One application doesn't incorporate the code of the other application or
link to it. Rather, it simply starts up that piece of the other application
when the need arises.
 For this to work, the system must be able to start an application process
when any part of it is needed, and instantiate the Java objects for that part.
 Unlike applications on most other systems, Android applications don't have
a single entry point for everything in the application (no main() function, for
example).
 Rather, they have essential components that the system can instantiate and
run as needed.

Intents
 Is the 5th key class
 Objects that hold the content of the message
 Activities, services, and broadcast receivers — are activated by
intents
 For activities and services, it names the action being requested
and specifies the URI of the data to act on, among other things
 Request for an activity to present an image to the user or let the user
edit some text
 For broadcast receivers, it names the action being announced
 Announce to interested parties that the camera button has been
pressed

Manifest file
 Before Android can start an application component, it
must learn that the component exists.
 Applications must declare their components in a manifest
file
 Is a structured XML file, named AndroidManifest.xml
for all applications.
 Declares the application's components
 Names any libraries the application needs to be linked
against (besides the default Android library)
 Identifies any permissions the application expects to be
granted

Manifest File Example
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
 <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
 package="com.example.helloandroidtoo"
 android:versionCode="1"
 android:versionName="1.0">
 <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"
android:debuggable="true">
 <activity android:name=".HelloAndroid"
 android:label="@string/app_name">
 <intent-filter>
 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
 </intent-filter>
 </activity>
 android:debuggable="true"
 </application>
 <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
 </manifest>

Supported Operating Systems
Windows XP (32-bit), Vista (32- or 64-bit), or
Windows 7 (32- or 64-bit)
Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later (x86 only)
Linux (tested on Ubuntu Linux, Lucid Lynx)
 GNU C Library (glibc) 2.7 or later is required.
 On Ubuntu Linux, version 8.04 or later is required.
 64-bit distributions must be capable of running 32-bit
applications

Supported Development
Environments
 Recommended: Eclipse
 Eclipse IDE 3.4 (Ganymede) or greater
 Eclipse IDE for Java Developers
 Eclipse Classic (versions 3.5.1 and higher)
 Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers
 Eclipse JDT plug-in (included in most Eclipse IDE packages)
 JDK 5 or JDK 6 (JRE alone is not sufficient)
 Android Development Tools plug-in (recommended)
 Other development environments or IDEs
 JDK 5 or JDK 6 (JRE alone is not sufficient)
 Apache Ant 1.8 or later
 Not compatible with Gnu Compiler for Java (gcj)

Set up Development
Environment
 Review system requirements
 Installing Java SDK
 Download Eclipse IDE
 Install Android SDK
 Installing ADT plug-in for Eclipse
 Adding Platforms and Components
http://developer.android.com/sdk/installing.html

Installing Java SDK
 Website:
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.
html
 Takes about 5 minutes
 Latest version: 1.6.23
 Select the standard edition
 Select platform
 Check license agreement
 Select file in the “Available Files”
 Select “Run” to start installing
 Accept all default settings unless you want to customize.
 Don’t need immediate registration
 Java SDK will be installed on C drive by default
 For example: C:Program FilesJavajdk1.6.0_23

Download Eclipse
 http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
 Takes about 3 Minutes
 Select package
 Select zip file for your OS
 Click on “Download”
 On “File Download” dialog, select “Save” to save the .zip
file
 After zip file is completely downloaded, unzip it.
 Eclipse application is located under “eclipse” folder
 For example: C:UserschauDesktopeclipse-SDK-3.6.1-
win32eclipse

Notes on Eclipse Tutorial
 Instructions written based on older version
 Missing steps
 HelloWorld tutorial: check on “Create public static
main ….”
 First time “Run as  Java application” is not available
 Other note: by default, Eclipse project is configured
to “Build Automatically” (Project->Build
Automatically)

Install Android SDK
 Website: http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html
 Takes 10-15 minutes
 Installer will verify if Java has been installed and stop
installing if Java SDK is missing
 Accept most defaults
 Accept license agreement
 Optionally, install additional packages when Android
SDK and Android Virtual Device (AVD) Manager dialog
open.
 Select “Available Packages” and select package (s) to install
● AndroidSDKInstallation.pptx

Install ADT Plugin
For Eclipse
 Go to Android SDK Installing website for
instructions.
 2 main steps.
 Use Eclipse to download
 Download ADT Plugin.pptx
 Configure
 Configure ADT Plugin.pptx

Android Emulator
 Virtual mobile device that runs on computer.
 Can be used to prototype, develop, and test Android applications
without using a physical device.
 http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/emulator.html

Create Android
Virtual Device (AVD)
 An Android Virtual Device (AVD) is a device
configuration for the emulator that allows you to model
real world devices.
 In order to run an instance of the emulator, you must
create an AVD.
 On Eclipse, select Window -> Android SDK and AVD
Manager
 Click New to create a new AVD.
 Fill in the details for the AVD. Give it a name, a platform
target, an SD card size (512), and a skin (HVGA is
default).
 Click Create AVD.
 Launch an emulator with the AVD by clicking Start

Hello Android Tutorial
Step 1
Create New Android Project
From Eclipse IDE: Select File -> New ->
Project to open “New File” dialog
 On “New File” dialog: expand “Android”
folder, then select “Android Project”, then
click on “Next” button
http://developer.android.com/guide/tutorials/hello-
world.html

Step 2
Specify project properties
 Project name: HelloAndroid
Build target: 2.2
 Might need to create the target first (See Create AVD)
Application name: Hello, Android
Package name: com.example.HelloAndroid
Select “Create Activity” with “HelloAndroid” as
name
Min SDK Version: 8
Click on “Finish” button.
 http://developer.android.com/guide/tutorials/hello-world.html

Step 3
Edit/Add code in the “onCreate” method
Comment out the following line
//setContentView(R.layout.main);
Add the following lines
TextView tv = new TextView(this);
tv.setText("Hello, Android!!!nWhat's up urban?");
setContentView(tv);
 Save the file , then Build the project if needed
*** Might need to import 2 new packages by clicking on the
red cross on the left hand side of that line

Newly added codeProject Files
Project Files

Step 4
Run application using emulator
 Click “Run As” to open “Run As” dialog
 Might need to create an Android Virtual device.
 Select “Android Application
 Click on “OK”
 2 command prompts pop up and go away
 Emulator pop ups, then go through a few stages and displays.
 Wait for a few minutes for Activity Manager to complete launching the
activity. Console displays message below.
 “Activity Manager: Starting: Intent { act=an ….}”, click on “Menu” to see the
“Hello World Message”
 After Emulator “locked” screen appear.
 Click on “Menu” button, “Hello Android” message will display.
 Click “Home” button on emulator
 Click on “…” on screen, “Hello, Android” application icon display on screen.
 Double click on app icon to display the app message

Run On Device
 Must set up device, Android environment, and driver
first (see next slide)
 Connect USB cable from phone to PC
 Run
 Eclipse automatically install the application, .apk file,
and run it

Developing on a Device
 Declare your application as "debug-able" in your Android Manifest.
 Turn on "USB Debugging" on your device.
 Install USB driver
 If using Android Developer Phone (ADP): Nexus One, or Nexus S,
install Google Windows USB Driver
 Otherwise, find a link to the appropriate OEM driver in the OEM
USB Drivers document
 Install HTC Sync
 Make sure generic/incomparable driver has been removed
 Take about 5 minutes
 Choose “Complete” Set up type.
 Install HTC Sync.pptx
● Connect phone as “Disk Drive”, not “Charge Only” or “USB
Tethering”
 http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/device.html

Install APK File
via Android Market
 Copy the APK file to your Android’s memory card
and insert the card into your phone.
 Download and install the Apps Installer application
from the Android Market
 Once installed, run Apps Installer , browse to the
APK file on the memory card.
 Click and install your APK file.

Install APK File
Using Android SDK
 Android Debug Bridge is a tool that allows manage
the state of an emulator instance or Android-
powered device
 Install appropriate driver
 Connect phone to PC via USB data cable
 Run command line from SDK's platform-tools/
directory :
 adb -d install
C:UserschauworkspaceHelloFormStuffsbinHell
oFormStuffs.apk

Create Project From Existing
Source
 For example: platform ApiDemos
 Create a new project from existing source
 Browse to and select ApiDemos folder
 Select Build Target
 Click on “Finish”

Android Phone Sensors
 Accelerometer
 Senses changes in orientation allowing the device to know when it
is tilted on its side
 Proximity sensor
 Deactivates the display and touch screen when the device is
brought near the face during a call
 Ambient light sensor
 Adjusts the display brightness which in turn saves battery power
 E-compass
 Provides orientation with respect to Earth's magnetic field
 Camera
 GPS
 Microphone

Sensing Related Packages
 Media
 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/med
ia/package-summary.html
 Location
 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/loca
tion/package-summary.html
 Hardware
 http://developer.android.com/reference/android/har
dware/Sensor.html

Sensor API Demo
 Package: com.example.android.apis.os;
 Displays the values of the acceleration sensor graphically.
 Get sensor manager
 mSensorManager = (SensorManager)
getSystemService(SENSOR_SERVICE);
 Register listener for 4 sensor types
 mSensorManager.registerListener(mGraphView,
SensorManager.SENSOR_ACCELEROMETER |
SensorManager.SENSOR_MAGNETIC_FIELD |
SensorManager.SENSOR_ORIENTATION,
SensorManager.SENSOR_DELAY_FASTEST);
 Override onSensorChanged(…) to display the changed value

Android development-tutorial

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