Building a metro ethernet network to deliver high bandwidth internet protocol television and internet access

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 211
BUILDING A METRO ETHERNET NETWORK TO DELIVER HIGH
BANDWIDTH INTERNET PROTOCOL TELEVISION AND INTERNET
ACCESS
A.Sundar Raj1, R. Jayasree2, K. Dhanya3
Associate Professor,
E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, India1
drasr1982@gmail.com1
E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, India2,3
jayasreearthee@gmail.com2, dhanyaece2506@gmail.com3
------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract— “If you and I were to exchange an apple Neither
would have two But if we were to exchange ideas Each would
have two ideas” Internet protocol television (IPTV) is a
system through which internet television services are
delivered using the architecture and networking methods of
the internet protocol suite over a packet switched network
infrastructure, e.g. internet and the broadband internet
access network, instead of being delivered through
traditional radio frequency broadcast, satellite signal and
cable television (CATV) formats. The available method for
delivering IPTV is the ADSL broadband. ADSL broadband has
a download bandwidth of 24Mbps.The main limitation of
ADSL broadband is that the bandwidth depends upon
distance. The ADSL broadband bandwidth varies between 1.5
Mbps to 24Mbps.The ADSL is a proven technology when it
comes to delivering shared low speed internet connectivity
solutions of bandwidth ranging from 128Kbps to 1Mbps per
line. But in the case of services like IPTV it would be a
constant streaming of multicast traffic of high bandwidth and
this leads to electromagnetic interference. The latest
development enables the users to upload programs onto the
servers and let the users to assign rights as to who can view
the content. This further increases the requirement of
bandwidth. An ideal path is to carry muliti-play converged
application traffic over optimized path and to extend
everywhere with simple switches.
Keywords— Bandwidth, IPTV, Fiber, Internet access,
Manageability
I. INTRODUCTION
Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is a system through
which television services are delivered using the
architecture and networking methods of the Internet
Protocol Suite over a packet-switched network
infrastructure.
The IPTV offers triple play services. Triple play
service offers high speed internet access, television services
and telephone service over a single connection. The IPTV is
an interactive service where the user can upload his videos
in addition to the service provided by the service provider.
The existing method for delivering television which
includes cable television and direct to home service cannot
offer such value added services.
Video on Demand (VOD) are systems which allow
users to select and watch to video content on demand. IPTV
technology is often used to bring video on demand to
televisions. VOD systems either stream content through a
set-top box, allows downloading it to a device such as a set-
top box.
Time shifting is the recording of programming to a
storage medium to be viewed at a time more convenient to
the consumer. The program usually is recorded in the set-
top box. In addition to the services provided by the service
provider user can be a part of the service providing process
by uploading his private videos for sharing with friends and
relatives.
II. SPANNING TREE PROTOCOL
The spanning tree protocol is network protocol that
ensures a loop free technology for any Ethernet local area
network. The spanning tree protocol permits the usage of
active and redundant links in a network. The redundant
link takes over the function of the active link if any fault
occurs in the latter. The main function of the spanning tree
protocol is to create a spanning tree of the switches which
are connected together in a network and then to disable the
link that are not part of the spanning tree. Thus spanning
tree protocol ensures that there is only a single path to
reach every destination in a network. To break loops in the
LAN while maintaining access to all LAN segments, the
bridges collectively compute a spanning tree. The spanning
tree is not necessarily a minimum cost spanning tree.
A. Operation
1) Selection of root bridge
The root bridge of a spanning tree protocol is the bridge
with the smallest bridge ID. The bridge ID comprises of two
parameters. One is the MAC address of the bridge and the
other parameter is priority. The priority is usually specified
by the user. Otherwise the bridges have a default priority
value of 32768. This is because in the bridge ID 2 Bytes is
allocated for the priority. Therefore the value can range
from 1 to 65536, the middle value being the default value. If
two bridges have the same priority then the bridge with
least MAC address is selected as the root bridge.

2) Determining the least cost path
The computed spanning tree has the property that
messages from any connected device to the root bridge
traverse a least cost path, i.e., a path from the device to the
root that has minimum cost among all paths from the
device to the root. This is done with the help of two rules
Least cost path from each bridge: Each bridge in the
network determines the cost of each possible path from
itself to the root. Then it selects the path with the smallest
cost. The port associated with the path is termed as the
Root Port (RP).
Least cost path from each network segment: The
bridges on a network segment determines which bridge has
the least cost path to the root bridge. This port is termed as
the Designated Port (DP).
3) Disable all other root paths
Any active port that is not a root port or a designated
port is a Blocked Port (BP).
III. MULTICAST
Multicast is the method of delivering Internet Protocol
Datagrams to a group of interested users in a single
transmission. The source sends the packets only once but
the network component such as switches or routers
duplicates the packets according to the requirements.
Multicast is a technique for one- to -many or many- to-
many real time communication over a IP architecture. The
Multicast is used by the source and the receiver to send and
receive data. The source uses this group address as the
destination address and the host uses this multicast group
address to join the multicast group. The protocol typically
used by the receivers to join a group is Internet Group
Management Protocol. In the multicast operation the source
does not care about the number of receivers. The multicast
receiver tree is generated by the nodes which are close to
the receivers. The multicast router must only consider
about the downstream receivers associated with it.
IV.VIRTUAL AREA NETWORK
The virtual local area network is used to create multiple
broadcast domains in the same physical LAN. All the ports
in the switch represent a VLAN. The benefits of VLANs are
1. VLANs help to control traffic.
2. VLANs provide security.
V. ASYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE
The Asymmetric digital subscriber line is a data
communication technology that enables a faster data
transmission over the copper telephone line. It can transmit
data at higher rate by utilising the frequencies that are not
used by the voice telephone calls. A single telephone line is
used to provide both voice and data communication with
the help of a splitter at the customer side. The copper
telephone line from the customer terminates at the IP
Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer where the voice
and data transmission is separated. Then the data from the
DSL line is taken to the internet service provider through
Optical fiber cable. As the name suggest this technology
provides a faster data transmission towards the customer
and slower data transmission in the reverse direction. The
ADSL communication is Full- Duplex. The Full duplex
communication is achieved in a pair of wire by using
Frequency division duplex. The FDD uses two frequency
bands known as upstream bands and downstream bands.
Each band is divided into smaller frequency channels
known as the bins.
Fig 1.ADSL architecture
B. Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
The digital subscriber line access multiplexer is a
network device, located in the telephone exchange
of the internet service provider. The main purpose of using
DSLAM is to combine multiple customer digital subscriber
lines to the internet backbone of the internet service
provider. When the line from the customer terminates at
the DSLAM it aggregates the traffic on each ports and send
it to the servicing area interface. In servicing area interface
the voice and the data traffic are separated from one
another. The voice signals are provided to the telephone
exchange while the data traffic which is in the form analog
signal is changed according to the type of DSLAM which
include Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Frame Relay and
Internet protocol.
The DSLAM is used only between ISP devices and
end-user connection points. The DSLAM traffic is switched
to a Broadband Remote Access Server where the end user

traffic is then routed across the ISP network to the Internet.
The ADSL2+ provides a downlink bandwidth of 24Mbps
and an uplink bandwidth of 8Mbps
C. Limitations:
1. The ADSL provide asymmetric Bandwidth.
2. The uplink and downlink bandwidth provided by the
ADSL technology depends on the distance between
the DSLAM and the subscriber premises.
VI.SOLUTION FOR IPTV DELIVERY
IPTV service also offers high speed internet access and
telephone services. The existing technology for providing
television does not offer such additional features. Therefore
the cable television operators must live with the limited
revenue. Therefore the cable television operators must
move on to IP based platform. DTH provides Video On
demand Movies but cannot provide a wide range of movies
due to the usage of satellite for transmission and reception.
In IP based platform the most successful method at
present to deliver IPTV is ADSL. The ADSL2+ offer a
maximum downlink bandwidth of 24Mbps and a maximum
uplink bandwidth is 8Mbps. The IPTV is an interactive
service. In IPTV the user is also a part of service providing
process by uploading their private videos. Due to the
asymmetric bandwidth it does not support such a high
demand of uplink bandwidth. Further, the bandwidth
offered by ADSL technology is dependent on the distance
between digital subscriber line access multiplexer and the
subscriber. Each DSLAM can support upto 300 users,
therefore if we want to connect more number of customers
in the same locality we need additional number of digital
subscriber line access multiplexer and which further
increases the number of fiber that connects the digital
subscriber line access multiplexer and the internet service
provider.
An ideal method to deliver IPTV services is to offer
multicast traffic over an optimized network path with
reliable bandwidth. The services from the central office are
taken to the subscriber with the help of the switches and
router. The major problem in delivering the service using
switches and the router is the last mile delivery. At the last
mile we need to provide power to the switches and the last
mile delivery is usually restricted to a distance of 100m.
These issues are overcome with the help of power
over Ethernet switches. These switches do not require
power from any external source and it receives power from
the servicing area interface (area node). Due to the usage of
the power over Ethernet switches we can extend the last
mile delivery up to a distance of 500m.
The core switch (Layer 3) is capable of handling
Gigabit ports. The switch has redundancies for switch fabric
and power supply. Gigabit ports from the core switch which
includes the redundancies is provided to the Optical
Multiplexer switch which multiplexes the 8 channel using
Passive multiplexer. The multiplexed signal is taken over a
fiber with redundancy to the area node. This minimizes the
requirement of fiber.
Fig 2.Network Architecture
The multiplexed signal is taken to the local area from the
central office. The multiplexed signal is provided to the
Optical Demultiplexer switch. At the local area Layer 2
switches are used. The Layer 2 switches consist of gigabit
ports with fiber module and 10/100 Mbps Ethernet ports.
Eight Layer 2 switches are used to form a ring. This ring
architecture is formed using the gigabit ports with fiber
module. To each 10/100 Mbps Ethernet port four Layer 2
switch with Power over Ethernet support are connected.
The Layer 2 switches with Power over Ethernet which
supports power over Ethernet are used for subscriber
connection. The distance between each Layer 2 switch with
Power over Ethernet unit is 100m. Thus the last mile
distribution can be extended up to 500m. The Layer 2
switch with Power over Ethernet does not require any
power supply because it receives its power from the local
area where the Layer 2 switches are placed.
Separate ports are used for TV connectivity and internet
connectivity. Layer 2 switch constitutes a ring. The Layer 2
switches support the STP protocol. Due to the STP protocol,
ring protection feature is enabled. Therefore the port at the
extreme Layer 2 switch is disabled automatically.
Even in the worst case condition (i.e. out of the two one
gigabit link one is damaged). Then all the customers are on
a one gigabit link. At such condition the customers are
provided with the same class television service with
compromised internet service.
The entire solution is managed end to end with a
common NMS for all the products. The setup lets you to
manage till the set top boxes. The advantage here is that we
can continue to deploy the services with the same set of
semi skilled manpower used in the analog cable TV roll out.
The Management lets you control each and every point
right from controlling the power to the individual Layer 2
switch with Power over Ethernet, to enable or disable the
user ports in the Layer 2 switch with Power over Ethernet,

to rate limit on the Layer 2 copper ports to provide pictorial
representation of the fiber link status of the Optical
Multiplexer. Further the NMS is also equipped with auto
provisioning feature wherein any device added in the
network gets provisioned automatically in the NMS making
management part simpler.
VI.CONCLUSION
Today the setup supports only video, voice and data i.e.
triple play services, but tomorrow their might a need for
more number of services that has to be delivered to the
customer. This needs additional bandwidth that can
support the future services and therefore does not pose any
problem as the available bandwidth per user apart from the
IPTV delivery is enough to deliver other services that might
come up in the future. The architecture used is such that it
provides services to additional number of users, if in future
the population of the same area has increased to a higher
level. This is done as the solution offered can be daisy-
chained further for extending any/all requirements to
evolve from time to time. The solution offered avoids
technology and protocol conversion and offers any-time,
any technology adaptation in the future, enabling quick roll-
out of services. With all these advantages the IPTV is
certainly going to be in the top as no other service at
present is flexible enough to adapt to the changes that
might evolve with time. Due to the above mentioned
reasons, these services are in great demand and most of the
newly constructed apartments in and around Bangalore are
using this technology. It will soon spread to all parts of the
city and country where everyone will have IPTV connection,
and will be watching movies of their choice or watching a
cricket match which they might have missed during the
original telecasting time.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Our sincere thanks to the Industrial Guide
Mr.Gnanamani.A, Dr.P.Chinnadurai Secretary and
Correspondent of our college for providing excellent
facilities and Dr.P.Kannan H.O.D for the great support.
REFERENCES
[1] Bashar Bou-Diab and Bijan Raahemi " An End-To-End IPTV
Broadcast service Network Architecture"
[2] Hiroki Ikeda, Jun Sugawa, Yoshihiro Ashi and Kenichi Sakamoto "
High-Definition IPTV Broadcasting Architecture Over Gigabit-
Capable Passive Optical Network"

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