11 mood disorders Basics
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- 3. DEFINITION –Mood disorder, also known as mood (affective) disorders. –It is a group of conditions where a disturbance in the person's mood, accompanied by a full or partial maniac or depressive syndrome, that is not due to any other mental or physical disorder. –Classified under F31 of ICD 10 3
- 5. Bipolar disorder – This disorder is characterized by repeated (i.e. at least two) episodes in which the patient's mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed, – this disturbance consisting on some occasions of an elevation of mood and increased energy and activity (mania or hypomania), and on others of a lowering of mood and decreased energy and activity (depression). 5
- 6. –Age of onset: First episode at any age from child hood to old age. –Duration: Maniac episode lasts for 2weeks to 4 months and depression: 6months rarely for one year. 6
- 7. Mania – Mania, is a state of predominant mood, may be abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable and there are associated symptoms such as – hyperactivity , pressure of speech, flight of ideas, inflated self esteem, decreased need for sleep, distractibility and excessive involvement in activities that have potential for painful consequences which is not recognised. 7
- 8. –Hypomania is a mild condition, but it may be long lasting. It is characterised by predominant euphoria, over activity and disinhibition 8
- 9. –Bipolar I: – Bipolar I is distinguished by the presence or history of one or more manic episodes or mixed episodes with or without major depressive episodes. A depressive episode is not required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder, but depressive episodes are usually part of the course of the illness. 9
- 10. –Bipolar II: –Bipolar II consisting of recurrent intermittent hypomanic and depressive episodes or mixed episodes. 10
- 11. Cyclothymia – A persistent instability of mood involving numerous periods of depression and hypomania, none of which is sufficiently severe or prolonged to justify a diagnosis for a major depressive or a maniac episode. – Some patients with cyclothymia eventually develop bipolar affective disorder. 11
- 12. Dysthymia – Chronic disturbances of mood involving either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure, at all or almost all usual activities, and associated symptoms but not of sufficient severity and duration to meet the criteria of a depressive syndrome. – Minimum 2 years for adults – Minimum 1 year for children. 12
- 13. Risk factors –Suicide in Depression –Potential harm to self and others majorly in episodes of maniac. 13
- 14. Management –Electroconvulsive therapy(ECT) –Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS): Focal stimulation of brain in patients who are awake. –Deep brain stimulation: it is an invasive technique implanting electrode in brain followed by the stimulation of particular area. 14
- 15. – Neurofeedback: Self regulation technique. – Bright light therapy: used for depressive disorder. – Psychotherapy: CBT, IPT, Family therapy – Psychotherapy doesn't help in manic episodes. – Behavioural activation therapy – Relapse prevention strategies 15
- 16. Homoeopathic management – Classify disease according to Hahnemann's classification of mental disorders and treat accordingly. – Few basic remedies are – Natrum Mur, Anacardium. Ignatia, Sepia, Calcerea carb, 16
- 17. Conclusion BPAD- It is a group of conditions where a disturbance in the person's mood, accompanied by a full or partial maniac or depressive syndrome, that is not due to any other mental or physical disorder. 17
- 18. REFERENCES – Essentials of Psychiatry by MS Bhatia – INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY: Clofford.T.Morgan – ICD 10- Classification of mental disorders: WHO – KAPLAN & SADOCKS ,CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY – Benjamin. J.Sadock and Virginia A. Sadocks. 18
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