Power system automation
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This document discusses various components of an industrial automation and control system. It describes remote terminal units (RTUs) that collect field data and transfer it to other devices. It also explains instruments like current transformers and potential transformers that convert power signals to lower levels, as well as transducers that convert analog outputs. Additional components covered include meters, digital fault recorders, load tap changers, protective relays, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The document provides details on the functions of these various components that make up automation and control systems.
Power system automation
- 1. Guide :- Mrs. J. A. THAKARE
- 2. What is AUTOMATION..? NEED of Automation..? Advantages & Disadvantages Applications
- 3. A power station (also referred to as a generating station, power plant, powerhouse or generating plant) is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. At the center of nearly all power stations is a generator, a rotating machine that converts mechanical power into electrical power by creating relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor
- 4. Data acquisition is the process of sampling signals that measure real world physical conditions and converting the resulting samples into digital numeric values that can be manipulated by a computer. Data acquisition systems (abbreviated with the acronym DAS or DAQ) typically convert analog waveforms into digital values for processing
- 5. It is Defined as Acquiring or colleting data in Various Forms Function:To send information in various forms Uses:to sent Data from the substation to one or several databases for use by operators, engineers, planners, and administration
- 6. Computer processes and personnel supervise, or monitor, the conditions and status of the power system using this acquired data. Operators and engineers monitor the information remotely on computer displays and graphical wall displays or locally, at the device, on frontpanel displays and laptop computers.
- 7. Control refers to sending command messages to a device to operate the I&C and power system devices. Traditional supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems rely on operators to supervise the system and initiate commands from an operator console on the master computer. Field personnel can also control devices using front-panel push buttons or a laptop computer
- 8. Build Using Microprocessor They accepts commands & communicate information like computer Mainly Found in – Substation Pole top
- 9. 1. Instrument transformer 2. Transducer 3. RTU 4. Communication port switch 5. Meter 6. Digital fault recorder 7. Load tap changer 8. Recloser controller 9. Time synchronization source 10.Protocol gateway 11.PLC 12.Protective Realys
- 10. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER Instrument transformers are used to sense power system current and voltage values. They are physically connected to power system apparatus and convert the actual power system signals,which include high voltage and current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels CT PT
- 11. TRANSDUCER Transducers convert the analog output of an instrument transformer from one magnitude toanother or from one value type to another, such as from an ac current to dc voltage. Types (active,passive) Application
- 12. RTU As the name implies, a remote terminal device, RTU, is an IED that can be installed in a remote location, and acts as a termination point for field contacts. The RTU can transfer collected data to other devices and receive data and control commands from other devices through a serial port. User programmable RTUs are referred to as “smart RTUs.”. Types Application
- 13. COMMUNICATIONS PORT SWITCH A communications switch is a device that switches between several serial ports when it is told to do so.
- 14. METER & DIDGITAL FAULT RECORDER A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate measurements of power system current, voltage,and power values A digital fault recorder (DFR), is an IED that records information about power system disturbances.
- 15. LOAD TAP CHANGER & RECLOSER CONTROLLER Load tap changers are devices used to change the tap position on transformers Recloser controllers remotely control the operation of automated reclosers and switches.
- 16. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) It is an IED that can be programmed to perform logical control. As with the RTU, a dedicated pair of copper conductors for each contact and transducer value are terminated on panels within the PLC. The PLC can transfer collected data to other devices and receive data andcontrol commands from other devices through a serial port.
- 17. PROTECTIVE RELAY A protective relay is an IED designed to sense power system disturbances and automatically perform control actions on the I&C system and the power system to protect personnel and equipment Protectiverelays create metering information, collect system status information, and store historical recordsof power system operation.
- 18. CONCLUSION Protection and automation systems have evolved over many decades to be generally considered as "good industry practice”, arguably derived from many bad industry experiences! On the other hand, community and industry expectations for Future Networks demand even better solutions.