Introduction to Altmetrics
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The document provides an introduction to altmetrics and their role in measuring scholarly impact beyond traditional metrics like citation counts. It highlights various altmetric tools and platforms that track diverse impacts, including readership and social media engagement. The authors emphasize the importance of accurate attribution and online presence for scholars to enhance their influence and measure their research impact effectively.
Introduction to Altmetrics
- 1. Introduction to Altmetrics Linda M. Galloway, MLIS Librarian for Biology, Chemistry and Forensic Science Syracuse University Library, Syracuse, NY Janet Pease, MLS Associate Librarian Syracuse University Library, Syracuse, NY Anne E. Rauh, MA Engineering and Computer Science Librarian Syracuse University Library, Syracuse, NY Introduction to Altmetrics for STEM Librarians, Science & Technology Libraries, in review
- 2. What are Altmetrics?? “the study of scholarly impact measures based on activity in online tools and environments” (Priem, Groth, and Taraborelli 2012 citable and accessible products not limited to publications, data sets, software, patents, and copyrights (“Grant Proposal Guide, Chapter II” 2013)
- 3. Scholarly Metrics as a proxy for Scholarly Influence…
- 4. Scholarly Metrics as a proxy for Scholarly Influence…
- 5. Quantifying Scholarly Output via Citation Metrics Number of Publications Citations to Publications Relative influence of Publications
- 6. Traditional Tools Evaluating Journals • Impact Factor – Journal Citation Reports – Avg. time articles from a journal (past 2 yrs.) are cited in past year. – Web of Science indexed journals & data • SCImago Journal & Country Rank – Based on Scopus Data, 1996- – Uses GooglePage Rank algorithim – Citable increments include past 3 years – Open Access Note: there are other indices and measures available within these resources.
- 8. Traditional Tools Article/Author Level Metrics • Citations to an individual article or body of work – Web of Science – Scopus – Google Scholar • h-index – measures both the productivity and impact of the published work – Number of an author’s papers that have been cited at least h times by other publications
- 9. Comparisons
- 10. Limitations to Traditional Metrics • Take a long time to accumulate • STEM focused • Often behind pay walls • Measure influence narrowly • Don’t capture a publication’s impact or influence in emerging forms of scholarly communication
- 11. Altmetrics Measure diverse impacts from articles, datasets, blog posts, slide shows, etc. Beyond citation counts! Readership Views Saves Downloads Scholarly (or popular) Buzz
- 12. What can be measured? “Evidence of Use” – http://impactstory.org • # of Tweets • # of “Saves” in online reference managers • Scholarly (and popular) blog interest and activity • Activity in social networking platforms, tools • And…
- 13. Meaningful Interactions CiteULike Delicious F1000 GitHub Mendeley SlideShare Twitter Zotero What is tracked?? Discussions Saves Citations Recommendations Downloads Copies Altmetrics measures diverse impacts from articles, datasets, blog posts, slide shows, etc.
- 14. Altmetric Tools track readership & influence CiteULike permits users to store, organize and share scholarly papers F1000 is a subscription-based recommendation service for curated articles in biology and medicine. Google Scholar Citations is a service that allows authors to track their publications and influence using Google Scholar metrics.
- 15. Altmetric Tools track readership & influence Mendeley is a free reference manager and social network that was recently acquired by Elsevier. Mendeley is described as “one of the world’s largest crowd-sourced research catalogs” Zotero is a robust and growing citation management and sharing resource. Collaborators can share libraries of references, etc.
- 16. Make Sense of the Diversity of Research Outputs Use an aggregator! Harvest data Automatic updates Showcase scholarly influence
- 17. Put it all together… with Altmetric Aggregators ImpactStory, aggregates data from research products including articles, datasets, blog posts, PowerPoint presentations and more; free, open source and open access Altmetric.com Subscription business solution that collects data about an individual article and supplies this data to publishers who present the info. to readers & authors. Plum Analytics commercial product - measures influence using five categories; usage, captures, mentions, social media, and citations. Marketed to libraries.
- 18. ImpactStory
- 20. Engaging Constituents • Don’t assume anyone knows anything about altmetrics • Begin by engaging new scholars • Explain limitations of both traditional citation metrics & altmetrics • Demonstrate the power of a Google Scholar Profile, institutional profile, and an ImpactStory Profile
- 21. Scholars’ Engagement with Social Media • Important to maintain and manage an online presence • Outreach to the public – broader impacts criteria – required by some funding agencies • Mentions in social media seem to lead to enhanced use of publications • Dizzying array of social media tools
- 22. Valid data = Valid metrics • Accurate attribution is essential! • Scholarly authors are assigned Scopus Author Identifiers, Web of Science Researcher ID’s, etc. • Scholars can claim and make public their Google Scholar profile • Scholars can (and should) register for a unique ORCID number
- 23. ORCID Open Researcher Identifier Free service that assigns a unique number to each author and links other identification schemes. Encourage researchers to use consistent naming conventions and register for an ORCID ID!
- 24. Problem: author disambiguation John F. Dannenhoffer III Syracuse University Joan V. Dannenhoffer Syracuse University John F. Dannenhoffer IV PhD Candidate, University of Michigan Joanne V. Dannenhoffer M.D. May 2013 Joanne M. Dannenhoffer Central Michigan University (spouses) (siblings) (siblings) Databases see all of these people as: J Dannenhoffer JV Dannenhoffer JF Dannenhoffer JM Dannenhoffer
- 25. Why care? Metrics and their relationship to social media: • Add value to traditionally published content – Crowdsourced peer review – Expose questions and comments – Enhance worth • Increase readership • Appear to follow the pattern of traditional metrics
- 26. Thank you!! Linda Galloway Janet Pease Anne Rauh Syracuse University Library
- 27. References Adie, Euan, and William Roe. 2013. “Altmetric: Enriching Scholarly Content with Article-level Discussion and Metrics.” Learned Publishing 26: 11–17. doi:10.1087/20130103. Bik, Holly M., and Miriam C. Goldstein. 2013. “An Introduction to Social Media for Scientists.” PLoS Biol 11: e1001535. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001535. Bushman, Mike, and Andrea Michalek. 2013. “Are Alternative Metrics Still Alternative?” ASIS&T Bulletin (May). http://www.asis.org/Bulletin/Apr- 13/AprMay13_Buschman_Michalek.pdf. Cameron, Brian D. 2005. “Trends in the Usage of ISI Bibliometric Data: Uses, Abuses, and Implications.” Portal: Libraries and the Academy 5 (1): 105–125. doi:10.1353/pla.2005.0003. CiteULike. 2013. “Frequently Asked Questions.” Accessed April 29. http://www.citeulike.org/faq/faq.adp. Delicious. 2013. “About Us.” Accessed April 29. https://delicious.com/about. Eysenbach, G. 2011. “Can Tweets Predict Citations? Metrics of Social Impact Based on Twitter and Correlation with Traditional Metrics of Scientific Impact.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 13: e123. Faculty of 1000. 2013. “About.” Accessed April 29. http://f1000.com/. GitHub. 2013. “About.” Accessed April 29. https://github.com/about. Gonzalez-Pereira, Borja, Vicente Guerrero-Bote, and Felix Moya-Anegon. 2009. “The SJR Indicator: A New Indicator of Journals’ Scientific Prestige.” arXiv:0912.4141. http://arxiv.org/abs/0912.4141. Hirsch, J. E. 2005. “An Index to Quantify an Individual’s Scientific Research Output.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102: 16569–16572. doi:10.1073/pnas.0507655102. Jacso, Peter. 2006. “Deflated, Inflated and Phantom Citation Counts.” Online Information Review 30: 297–309. doi:http://dx.doi.org.libezproxy2.syr.edu/10.1108/14684520610675816. Mendeley Ltd. 2012. “Mendeley.” http://www.mendeley.com/. ORCID Inc. 2012. “ORCID.” http://about.orcid.org/. Piwowar, Heather. 2013. “Altmetrics: Value All Research Products.” Nature 493: 159–159. doi:10.1038/493159a.
- 28. References Priem, Jason. 2013. “Scholarship: Beyond the Paper.” Nature 495: 437–440. doi:10.1038/495437a. Priem, Jason, and Heather A. Piwowar. 2013. “ImpactStory: Tell the Full Story of Your Research Impact.” Accessed April 9. http://www.impactstory.org/. Priem, Jason, Dario Taraborelli, Paul Groth, and Neylon, Cameron. 2010. “Altmetrics: a Manifesto – Altmetrics.org.” Altmetrics: a Manifesto. 26. http://altmetrics.org/manifesto/. Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media. 2012. “Zotero.” https://www.zotero.org/. SCImago. 2007. “SJR - Scimago Journal & Country Rank.” http://www.scimagojr.com/. Shuai, Xin, Alberto Pepe, and Johan Bollen. 2012. “How the Scientific Community Reacts to Newly Submitted Preprints: Article Downloads, Twitter Mentions, and Citations.” arXiv:1202.2461. http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.2461. SlideShare. 2013. “About Us.” Accessed April 29. http://www.slideshare.net/about. Thomson Reuters. 2012. “Journal Citation Reports Help.” http://admin- apps.webofknowledge.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/JCR/help/h_toc.htm. ———. 2013. “The Thomson Reuters Impact Factor.” Accessed April 22. http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/free/essays/impact_factor/. Twitter. 2013. “Twitter.” Accessed April 29. https://twitter.com/about.
Editor's Notes
- #3: The NSF, in an effort to broaden what is of value from scientific research, now asks for PI’s to list their research products instead of publications.
- #7: Don’t see much evidence that faculty know how to use JCR. JCR is subscription, and only journals included are those indexed by WoS. EXCLUDES book chapters & conf. proceedingsSCImago has been created by a Spanish research group.
- #8: SCImago is an 'open access' web evaluation environment to analyze multidimensional performance of Journals and Nations. The SJR evaluation environment includes a wealth of metrics to analyze the full range of scientific domains.SJR has been developed from the information contained in Elsevier's Scopus database.Freely available, easy to use. Not as well recognized as Journal Citation Reports.http://www.scimagojr.com/
- #12: Real-time interactions
- #13: What can Altmetrics measure?“Evidence of Use” – Impactstory.org Rapidly gauge use and influence of an article – for example# of Tweets (has been found to predict citation rates)# of saves in online reference manager (Mendeley, Zotero) librariesScholarly blog interest and activity
- #21: NewTime frame – some new tools cannot search old mentions, tweets, etc.Rely on user generated metadataShould social media mentions be given the same weight as scholarly article citations?Can these tools be easily manipulated to raise significance of an article?
- #25: Joan- civil engineeringJohn – aerospaceJoanne - biology