Java applets
- 1. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu 1 Java applets M. L. Liu
- 2. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu2 Introduction Java applets are one of three kinds of Java programs: An application is a standalone program that can be invoked from the command line. An applet is a program that runs in the context of a browser session. A servlet is a program that is invoked on demand on a server program and that runs in the context of a web server process.
- 3. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu3 Applets, web page, client, server Applets are programs stored on a web server, similar to web pages. When an applet is referred to in a web page that has been fetched and processed by a browser, the browser generates a request to fetch (or download) the applet program, then executes the program in the browser’s execution context, on the client host. < a p p l e t c o d e = H e l l o W o r l d . c l a s s < / a p p l e t > ... ... H e l l o W o r l d . c l a s s s e r v e r h o s t w e b s e r v e r m y W e b P a g e . h t m l b r o w s e r h o s t b r o w s e r r e q e u s t f o r m y W e b P a g e . h t m l m y W e b P a g e . h t m l r e q u e s t f o r H e l l o W o r l d c l a s s H e l l o W o r l d . c l a s s H e l l o W o r l d . c l a s s
- 4. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu4 Applet Execution - 1 An applet program is a written as a subclass of the java.Applet class or the javax.swing.Japplet class. There is no main method: you must override the start method. Applet objects uses AWT for graphics. JApplet uses SWING. It is a Grapics object that runs in a Thread object, so every applet can perform graphics, and runs in parallel to the browser process.
- 5. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu5 Applet Execution When the applet is loaded, these methods are automatically invoked in order: the init( ) method is invoked by the Java Virtual Machine. The start( ) method The paint( ) method. The applet is now running and rendered on the web page. You program the start( ) method and the paint( ) method for your application, and invoke a repaint call to re-render the graphics, if necessary. At the end of the execution, the stop( ) method is invoked, followed by the destry( ) method to deallocate the applet’s resources.
- 6. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu6 Applet Security http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/applet/overview/ For security reasons, applets that are loaded over the network have several restrictions. an applet cannot ordinarily read or write files on the computer that it's executing on. an applet cannot make network connections except to the host that it came from.
- 7. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu7 HTML tags for applets - 1 <APPLET specifies the beginning of the HTML applet code CODE="demoxx.class" is the actual name of the applet (usually a 'class' file) CODEBASE="demos/" is the location of the applet (relative as here, or a full URL) NAME="smily" the name you want to give to this instance of the applet on this page WIDTH="100" the physical width of the applet on your page HEIGHT="50" the physical height of the applet on your page ALIGN="Top" where to align the applet within its page space (top, bottom, center)
- 8. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu8 HTML tags for applets - 2 <PARAM specifies a parameter that can be passed to the applet NAME=“name1" the name known internally by the applet in order to receive this parameter VALUE="000000" the value you want to pass for this parameter > end of this parameter <PARAM specifies a parameter that can be passed to the applet (applet specific) NAME=“name2" the name known internally by the applet in order to receive this parameter VALUE="ffffff" the value you want to pass for this parameter > end of this parameter </APPLET> specifies the end of the HTML applet code
- 9. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu9 The HelloWorld Applet <HTML> <BODY> <APPLET code=hello.class width=900 height=300> </APPLET> </BODY> </HTML> // applet to display a message in a window import java.awt.*; import java.applet.*; public class hello extends Applet{ public void init( ){ setBackground(Color.yellow); } public void paint(Graphics g){ final int FONT_SIZE = 42; Font font = new Font("Serif", Font.BOLD, FONT_SIZE); // set font, and color and display message on // the screen at position 250,150 g.setFont(font); g.setColor(Color.blue); // The message in the next line is the one you will see g.drawString("Hello, world!",250,150); } }
- 10. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu10 Advanced Applets You can use threads in an applet. You can make socket calls in an applet, subject to the security constraints. S e r v e r h o s t C l i e n t h o s t H T T P s e r v e r b r o w s e r a p p l e t H o s t X a p p le t d o w n lo a d c o n n e c t io n r e q u e s t c o n n e c t io n r e q u e s t f o r b id d e n a llo w e ds e r v e r Y s e r v e r Z
- 11. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu11 Proxy server A proxy server can be used to circumvent the security constraints. S e r v e r h o s t C l i e n t h o s t H T T P s e r v e r b r o w s e r a p p l e t H o s t X a p p le t d o w n lo a d c o n n e c t io n r e q u e s t s e r v e r Y s e r v e r Z c o n n e c t io n r e q u e s t
- 12. 01/30/15 Distributed Computing, M. L. Liu12 Summary An applet is a Java class Its code is downloaded from a web server It is run in the browser’s environment on the client host It is invoked by a browser when it scans a web page and encounters a class specified with the APPLET tag For security reason, the execution of an applet is normally subject to restrictions: applets cannot access files in the file system on the client host Applets cannot make network connection exception to the server host from which it originated