Basics of GNU & Linux
0 likes71 views
The document provides information on the history and development of Unix and Linux operating systems. It discusses how the first version of Unix was created in 1969 at Bell Labs. It then describes the GNU project which started in 1984 with the goal of creating a free Unix-like operating system. When the Linux kernel, created by Linus Torvalds in 1991, was combined with the GNU software, it resulted in the first operating system similar to Unix that was free of cost. The document also summarizes some key open source software and their uses.
Basics of GNU & Linux
- 1. Dr. D. P. Mishra Digitally signed by Dr. D. P. Mishra DN: cn=Dr. D. P. Mishra, o=durg, ou=BIT, email=dpmishra@bitdurg. ac.in, c=IN Date: 2023.02.14 10:05:18 +05'30'
- 3. History of Unix • First version created in bell labs-1969 • AT & T licensed the source code for the low cost • Trademark UNIX name, “UNIX” name closely held • Licensees must create new name for their operating systems • Many UNIX “flavors” emerge. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 4. Unix Principles • Everything is a file - including hardware. • Configuration data is stored in text form. • Small, single-purpose programs. • Avoid captive user interfaces. • Ability to chain programs together to perform complex tasks. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 5. GNU Project • GNU project started in 1984 • Goal: create “free” UNIX clone • By 1990 nearly all required user space applications created ex gcc, emacs, etc. • Free software foundation (FSF) • Non-profit organization that manages the GNU Project. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 6. GPL-GNU General Public License • Primary license for Open Source Software. • Encourages free software. • All enhancements and changes to GPL software must also be GPL. • Often called “copy left”. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 7. GNU’s –Not Unix • GNU is an operating system that GNU's not Unix. • GNU stands for Gnu's Not Unix, and it is pronounced as “g-noo”. • It is a recursive acronym, and it stands for “Gnu's Not Unix”. • GNU is a free and open-source operating system that was started in 1984 by Richard Stallman. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 8. GNU’s Logo • The name of the animal in GNU Project's logo is gnu and it is a species of antelope (also called wildebeest) • African animal with horns and long, thin legs that can run very fast • GNU is PC & Mobile device OS developed by Richard Stallman • It is a collection of various free software programs, unlike Unix, which is usually being compared to. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 9. Linux Origins • Linus Torvalds • Finnish college student in 1991. • Created Linux Kernel. • When Linux Kernel combined with GNU applications, complete free UNIX-like os possible. • Linus Torvalds after being frustrated with the licensing issues of Minix (an Unix-based operating system)started to write his own code ( Linus Torvald ) Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 10. Linux logo • It's named “Tux” • created by Larry Ewing in 1996. • The Linux logo, a plump penguin known as Tux, is an open-source image. • Torvalds was looking for something fun and sympathetic to associate with Linux, and he felt that a slightly fat penguin sitting down after having eaten a great meal perfectly fit the bill. Tuxedo Linux Sticker. Logo Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 12. Open Source/Free Software • Freedom to run program for any purpose. • Freedom to study how the program works and adapt to your needs • Freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor. • Freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to public. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 13. Open Source Software. Open Source Software (OSS) is software for which the programming code is available to the users so that they may: • Copy it • Study it • Use it • Modify it , and • Redistribute it Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 14. Open Source Definition • Free Redistribution :The license shall not restrict any party from selling or giving away the software. i.e. license shall not require a royalty • Source Code : The program must include source code, and must allow distribution freely • Derived Works : The license must allow modifications and derived works • No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups: The license must not discriminate against any person or group of persons. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 15. Open source Companies • Adobe : Adobe contribute regularly to other open source projects like Gecko, Blink, WebKit, Apache Cordova, Flex, Felix and many others. • Github : GitHub has become the de facto repository for open source projects • Google : Having released or contributed to more than 2,000 open source projects • IBM : Uses and develops Apache and Linux; created Secure Mailer and created other software on AlphaWorks • Apple : Released core layers of Mac OS X Server as an open source BSD operating system called Darwin; • HP : Uses and releases products running Linux • Sun : Uses Linux; supports some open source development • Red Hat Software : Linux vendor • ActiveState: Develops and sells professional tools for Perl, Python, and Tcl/tk developers. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 16. Open Content • Freedom to use, study, modify and share scientific and creative works Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 17. Operating System • O/S Linux • Used in numerous domains, from embedded systems to super computers • Installation with popular LAMP application pack. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 19. Web Browser : Firefox • Developed and Maintained under Mozilla Foundation. • Available for a wide variety of OS. • Most popular Web browser. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 20. E-mail client : Thunderbird • Developed and maintained under Mozilla Foundation. • Available for a wide Variety of Operating Systems. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 21. Office Suite: OpenOffice • Originally derived from StarOffice, developed by StarDivision • Acquired by Sun Microsystems in 1999. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 22. Programming Language: Java • Developed by Sun Microsystems and open sourced in November 2007 under GNU GPL. • Used in a wide variety of computing platforms spanning from embedded devices to enterprise servers and supercomputers. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 23. Web Server : Apache • Apache HTTP Server • Developed and maintained under Apache Software Foundation. Available for a wide Variety of OS • Most popular HTTP Server on WWW • The majority of all web servers using Apache are Linux web servers. • Apache is characterized as free software and open source software. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 24. RDBMS : MySQL • RDBMS: MySQL • Owned and sponsored by the Swedish company MySQL AB, • Now subsidiary of Sun microsystems. • 6059 companies reportedly use MySQL in their tech stacks, including Uber, Airbnb, and Pinterest • Has more than 11 million installations. Widely used to support websites. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 25. CMS : Joomla • Joomla! is a free open source content management system • Used for publishing content on the World Wide Web and intranets • It is written in the PHP programming language and uses the MySQL database. • Widely used in WWW Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 26. Web Development: PHP • PHP is a scripting language originally designed for producing dynamic web pages. • Hypertext Preprocessor • PHP is free software released under the PHP License, however it is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) • PHP is commonly used as the P in this bundle alongside Linux, Apache and MySQL, although the P may also refer to Python or Perl. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 27. The Open Source Web Server Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 29. Failure & threats • Linux has a failure rate of 8 % Where as Microsoft has more that 56% • No Viruses (User Space and kernel space is separate) • No Spyware • Crash rate is almost negligible Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 30. S. N. Existing S/W under Microsoft Substitute/Solution under Ubuntu Remark 1 Office K-office/Open office K-office /open office is having more enhanced softwares 2 Notepad/Wordpad VI,VIM,gedit,sed,emacs .. More advanced Editors 3 Database – MSSQL/Access MySQL, PGSQL More Advanced 4 ASP/ASP.Net PHP, Perl . Python Advanced & Open 5 VB/VB.Net GAMBAS More Advanced 6 Not available Eclipse,Netbeans For Web Development 7 Not available GIMP Used as Flash/photoshop 9 Not available SciLab Solution for Matlab 10 Not available NS2,OmnetPP…. Simulators for Network 11 Not available Tomcat Application Server 12 Not available Java - 13 Not available GCC More improved version Solution is open source Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 31. Why Linux ? • Fresh implementation of UNIX APIs • Open source development model • Supports wide variety of hardware • Supports many networking protocols and configurations • Fully supported. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 32. OSS Future & Career OSS becomes strategic tool for open and collaborative businesses. 60% of jobs in the information technology sector will be linked to Open Source applications before 2025. By 2025, 60% of Global 2025 IT organizations will implement a formal open-source adoption and management policy. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 33. Job Opportunities in OSS • With economic slowdown enterprises have started optimizing their IT budgets. • Free and Open Source software is being adopted. • They need employees having familiarity with Open Source Technologies. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 34. Learn use and spread OSS • Learn more about Free/Open Source • Get trained in one or more of the Open Source technologies. • Install Open Source Software and start experiments. • Contribute for an Open Source Project • Train others in Free/Open Source Software • Advocate Open Source. Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg
- 35. OS Installation & Configuration
- 36. 8 best Linux Distributions of 2022 1. Mx Linux - MX Linux is based on a stable Debian branch, this Linux distribution is simple, easy to use, and highly effective. 2. EndeavourOS - community-driven OS, and comes well-equipped with a few handy desktop environments 3. Linux Mint - Ubuntu-based Linux Mint is a versatile Linux operating system that caters well to both beginner and experienced users. 4. Manjaro – one of the best arch based OS 5. Pop!OS 6. Ubuntu 7. Fedora 8. Debian Linux Laboratory - B.Tech. 6th CSE - Dr. D. P. Mishra, BIT Durg