An optocoupler is an electronic device that transfers electrical signals using light waves, providing electrical isolation between the input and output. It splits or combines transmission data from optical fibers. Optocouplers are categorized based on factors like the number of channels, operating temperature, output voltage, isolation voltage, and packing time. They have various applications, with photoresistor-based optocouplers used in audio due to their linearity, and most providing medium speeds for uses like electroencephalography. High-speed optocouplers are used for computing and communication applications.