electronics and robotics
- 2. Karel Capek
- 5. ROBOT MOTORS ELECTRIC MOTOR: An electric motor is an electro chemical device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. • Electric motors are driven by DC current. • They are most commonly used in hobbyist robot applications. TYPES OF MOTORS: 1. Brushed DC motors: • Motor controller is used to rotate the motor in two directions. • It is quite expensive. • Pulse-width modulation. • Gear reducer is used to reduce speed and increase torque
- 6. 2. Brushless DC motors: •Electronic speed control unit is used. •Still, these are widely used in RC community because they offer greater reliability, torque and have other good characteristics. 3. Stepper motors: •Magnetic poles on stator. •Provide current to the coils at a predefined sequence. •Special stepper motor controller.
- 7. 4. Servo motors: •Servo motors are integrated with control system. •They include other types of motors such as pneumatic or hydraulic as long as the feedback system is present in provide positioning. •Pulse width modulation. •Used to construct robot arms.
- 8. ROBOTIC ARM: •Robotic arm is a robotic manipulator, usually programmable with similar functions to a human arm. •Servo motor is used for joint rotation. •We can control arm through computer interface.
- 9. SALIENT FEATURES OF A ROBOTIC ARM. •Five servos which are controlled through only one microcontroller ATMEGA16. •Used to grab things in the hemisphere of 50cm. •It is user friendly. •It can lift objects weighing 200gms and above. •To keep the design of robotic arm gripper simple, and implementing the gripping mechanism without gears with one servo motor.
- 12. PRESSURE SENSORS • pressure sensors measures pressure
- 14. DESIRABLE FEATURES OF SENSORS Accuracy Precision Operating range Speed of response Calibration Reliability Ease of operation Cost
- 15. What is the role played by sensors in robotics? •To maintain its stability and orientation. •Report position and speed. •Interaction with surroundings. •Distinction of objects. •To mimic sensory abilities of humans.
- 20. VOLTAGE REGULATION What is a voltage regulator? A device designed to automatically maintain constant voltage level. TYPES OF VOLTAGE REGULATORS 1) Electronic voltage regulators. 2) Electrochemical regulators. 3) Coil-rotation AC voltage regulator. 4) Active regulators- linear, switching and SCR.
- 21. 1. Electronic- A simple voltage can be made from a resistor in series with diodes. 2. Coil-rotation AC- Basic design principle
- 22. 1. Linear regulators- These regulators comprise of devices that operate in their linear region. 2. Switching regulators- They rapidly switch a series device on and off.
- 23. FUNCTIONS OF VOLTAGE REGULATORS Passive voltage regulators. Active voltage regulators. AC voltage stabilization. DC voltage stabilization. Coil rotation AC voltage regulators.
- 24. H-BRIDGES: •A circuit for driving DC motors is called H-bridge. •The great ability of a H-bridge circuit is that the motor can be driven forward or backward at any speed. `
- 25. POWER REGULATION • Supply a minimum required amount of power POWER=VOLTAGE*CURRENT • Capacitor is used to store large quantities of energy.
- 26. FUTURE OF ROBOTICS •Industrial robots. •Military and police organizations. •Surgical robots. •100% automated factories. •Robot astronauts.
Editor's Notes
- #13: PRESSURE SENSORS