Gastroenteritis
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Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that causes diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. It is often caused by viruses like rotavirus or bacteria like E. coli. Symptoms include diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, and fever. Treatment focuses on rehydration with oral rehydration solutions and antibiotics if bacterial. Preventing spread involves handwashing, sanitizing surfaces, and safe food preparation. Vaccines can help prevent rotavirus, a common cause.
Gastroenteritis
- 2. Introduction Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhoea is a medical condition characterized by inflammation ("-itis") of the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach ("gastro"-) and the small intestine ("entero"-), resulting in some combination of diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramping
- 3. Symptoms Diarrhoea Dehydration Abdominal pain Abdominal cramping Vomiting Headache Fever and chills
- 4. Etiology Virus: rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus. Bacteria: campylobacter jejuni, E.coli, salmonella, shigella. Parasite: Giardia lambila. Drugs: Increased risk in persons using H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors.
- 5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Gastroenteritis is defined as vomiting or diarrhea due to infection of the small or large bowel. The changes in the small bowel are typically noninflammatory, while the ones in the large bowel are inflammatory. The number of pathogens required to cause an infection varies from as few as one (for Cryptosporidium) to as many as (for Vibrio cholerae)
- 6. DIAGNOSIS Stool culture Serum glucose in infants Dehydration Differential diagnosis Other potential causes of signs and symptoms that mimic those seen in gastroenteritis that need to be ruled out include appendicitis, volvulus, inflammatory bowel disease, urinary tract infections, and diabetes mellitus.
- 7. TREATMENT Antiemetics Antibiotics Antimotility agents
- 8. Plan and counseling for patient Drink liquids: It is important to prevent or treat dehydration. Eat bland foods: When child feel hungry, give soft, bland foods. Example, bananas, clear soup, mashed potatoes. Do not have dairy products, sugary drinks, or drinks with caffeine until child feels better. Continue breast feeding for the child. Maintain hygienic conditions around the child.
- 9. Prevent the spread of gastroenteritis Cook safely: Wash your hands and raw vegetables before you cook. Cook meat, fish, and eggs fully. Do not use the same dishes for raw meat as you do for other foods. Refrigerate any leftover food immediately. Wash hands, laundry, and surfaces: This will help prevent the spread of germs. Be aware when you camp or travel: Drink only clean water. Avoid alcohol intake. Rotavirus vaccination to children. Avoid spicy and oily foods. https://www.medesunglobal.com
- 10. Thank you…