01 internet-of-things-introduction-to-internet-of-things
9 likes•4,236 views
This document provides an introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT according to various organizations and discusses the trends, enablers, and drivers that have led to the rise of IoT. It also provides an overview of key IoT technologies and components as well as example application areas. Finally, it discusses examples of IoT devices including sensors, Raspberry Pi, and Arduino and how they can be used to build IoT solutions.
01 internet-of-things-introduction-to-internet-of-things
- 1. Introduction to the Internet of Things (IoT) John Soldatos, PhD ([email protected]; [email protected])
- 2. Overview: Contents What is the Internet of Things? • Definitions • Motivation, Enablers, and Drivers Overview of Internet of Things Technologies and Applications • IoT Components • IoT Application areas Examples of IoT Devices • Sensors • Raspberry Pi & Arduino
- 3. IoT Definitions UN (2005) “A new era of ubiquity is coming where humans may become the minority as generators and receivers of traffic and changes brought about by the Internet will be dwarfed by those prompted by the networking of everyday objects” ITU “From anytime, anyplace connectivity for anyone, we will now have connectivity for anything” EU ‘‘Things having identities and virtual personalities operating in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts”
- 4. Trends in Computing Source: Mark Weisser (http://www.ubiq.com), Computer Science Lab at Xerox PARC
- 5. Emergence & Rise of IoT
- 6. Why IoT: Proliferation of Sensors & Connected Devices
- 7. Why IoT: Things are getting connected 7
- 8. People connect to Things Motion sensor Motion sensor Motion sensor ECG sensor Internet
- 9. Things connect to Things 9 - Complex and heterogeneous resources and networks MN: Mobile Node
- 10. Some IoT (Intro) Videos • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIMYZE2Ma6IEuropean Commission: Internet-of- Things • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3ur8wzzhBUIntel IoT: What Does The Internet of Things Mean? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_hjAfPJeRACisco: How the Internet of Things Will Change Everything—Including Ourselves • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=df9xAZZ-8zgIBM: Internet of Things • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMYQ6AnBK-cMicrosoft: The Internet of Your Things • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QaTIt1C5R-MTEDxCIT: The Internet of Things
- 11. IoT vs. “Similar” Technologies •USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Networks) •M2M (Machine-to-Machine) •IoE (Internet of Everything) •CoT (Cloud of Things) •WoT (Web of Things) •CPS (Cyber Physical Systems)
- 12. IoT Technologies and Applications IoTTechnologies Sensors & Wireless Sensors Networks (WSN) Radio-Frequency- Identification Semantics & Interoperability IoT Cloud Integration IoT Analytics & BigData IoTApplications Smart Cities & Communities IoT in Healthcare IoT in Manufacturing & Logistics IoT in Transport (e.g., Connected Car, Self-Driving Car) IoT in Smart Buildings (e.g., Facility Management)
- 13. Typical IoT Components • Sensors/Actuators • Communication between servers or server platforms • Server/Middleware Platforms • Data Analytics Engines • Apps (iOS, Android, Web) IoT-A Architecture Model (www.iot-a.eu/) Source: Microsoft Blogs (blogs.msdn.microsoft.com)
- 14. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) 14 Sink node Gateway Core network e.g. InternetGateway End-user Computer services
- 15. IoT & Cloud Computing Source: J. Gubbi et al. / Future Generation Computer Systems 29 (2013) 1645–1660
- 16. Elements of an IoT Deployment 16 Source: Datang Telecom Technology & Industry Group
- 17. IoT Application Areas Source: J. Gubbi et al. / Future Generation Computer Systems 29 (2013) 1645–1660
- 18. IoT Perspectives & Visions L. Atzori et al. / Computer Networks 54 (2010) 2787–2805
- 19. IoT Devices: Sensors Sensor • Provides usable output in response to a specified measurement • A sensor acquires a physical parameter and converts it into a signal suitable for processing (e.g., optical, electrical, mechanical) Deployment and Applications • Bodies, automobiles, airplanes, cellular telephones, radios, chemical plants, industrial plants, etc. • Many other applications
- 20. IoT Devices: Sensors Stimulus Type Signal/Quantity Acoustic Wave (amplitude, phase, polarization), Spectrum, Wave Velocity Biological & Chemical Fluid Concentrations (Gas or Liquid) Electric Charge, Voltage, Current, Electric Field (amplitude, phase, polarization), Conductivity, Permittivity Magnetic Magnetic Field (amplitude, phase, polarization), Flux, Permeability Optical Refractive Index, Reflectivity, Absorption Thermal Temperature, Flux, Specific Heat, Thermal Conductivity Mechanical Position, Velocity, Acceleration, Force, Strain, Stress, Pressure, Torque
- 21. IoT Devices: Sensors & Actuators Transducer Sensor Detects & Measures a Signal or Stimulus Acquires information from the real world Actuator Generates Signal or Stimulus Real World Sensor Actuator Intelligent Feedback System • Transducer: • Converts a primary form of energy into a signal with a different energy form • Energy form examples: • Mechanical • Thermal • Electromagnetic • Optical • Chemical • etc.
- 22. Sensor Examples (1) Temperature sensors • Temperature can be measured through pressure, volume, electrical resistance, and strain • Applications: Buildings, chemical process plants, engines, appliances, computers, etc. Accelerometers • Measures along one axis and is insensitive to orthogonal directions • Applications: Vibrations, blasts, impacts, shock waves, air bags, washing machines, heart monitors, car alarms, etc. Light Sensors • Composed of photoconductor, such as a photoresistor, photodiode, or phototransistor • Applications: Cameras, infrared detectors, and ambient lighting applications
- 23. Sensor Examples (2) Ultrasonic sensors • Used for position measurements • Sound waves emitted are in the range of 2-13 MHz • Sound Navigation And Ranging (SONAR) • Radio Detection And Ranging (RADAR) Photogate • Used in counting applications (e.g., motion period identification) • Records time at which light is broken • Includes infrared transmitter and receiver at opposite ends of the sensor CO2 Gas Sensor • Measures gaseous CO2 levels in an environment • Measures CO2 levels in the range of 0-5000 ppm (parts per million) • Monitors infrared radiation absorbed by CO2 molecules
- 24. Sensor Selection Criteria Economic • Cost • Availability • Lifetime • Etc. Environmental • Size • Power Consumption • Interference & Sensitivity • Etc. Sensor Characteristics • Sensitivity • Range • Stability • Error • Response Time
- 25. IoT Devices: Arduino Overview • Open-source electronics prototyping platform • Flexible & easy-to-use hardware and software • Typical Users: Artists, designers, hobbyists • Applications involving interactive objects or environments Benefits • Microcontroller: Bridge between cyber & physical worlds • Balances functionality and ease of use • Low costs (e.g., starting from $35) • Arduino C Types • Leonardo • Due • Micro • LilyPad • Esplora • Uno
- 26. Arduino Programming (1) •C++ based: A handful of new commands •Programs are called “sketches”. •Sketches need two functions: • void setup( ): Runs first and once • void loop( ): Runs over and over, until power is lost or a new sketch is loaded • PIN = Global Variables
- 27. Arduino Programming (2) • digitalWrite(pin, value): Sends a voltage level to the designated pin • pinMode(pin, mode): Designates the specified pin for input or output • digitalRead(pin): Reads the current voltage level from the designated pin • Analog versions of above: analogRead's range is 0 to 1023 • Serial commands: print, println, write • www.arduino.cc: Online support forum
- 28. Sensors & Shields Sensors • Can be both binary or a range • Measure a range of values, vary their resistance to reflect their detection • Arduinos sense voltages, not resistances • Sensors that only vary their resistances: Voltage divider to provide the Arduino a voltage is required Shields • Circuit boards that plug into the top of an Arduino in order to enhance its functionality • Examples: Ethernet, GPS, Motor, Prototype
- 29. Devices: Raspberry Pi Raspberry (University of Cambridge) • Credit card sized PC: Plugs into a TV or monitor • Extensively used for IoT Education • Typical Uses: Programming, Electronic Projects, Office, HD Videos Playback • Cost: Approx. $35-$100 (depending on extras)
- 30. Raspberry Pi Components Core Raspberry Pi board Prepared Operating System SD Card USB keyboard Display (with HDMI, DVI, or Composite input) Power Supply Extras USB mouse Internet connectivity: LAN cable Powered USB Hub Case Programming Languages C C++ Java Scratch Ruby Any supported on ARM6
- 31. Raspberry Pi Sample IoT Projects Simple Programmable Networked Sensor Low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor integrated with Raspberry Pi https://github.com/jervine/rpi- temp-humid-monitor ThinkBox (IoT on Raspberry Pi) Software already installed & configured: Graphical creation of new applications from a simple web browser http://thethingbox.io/ Raspberry People Counter Motion Sensors wired to the GPIO pins of Raspberry Pi http://blog.ubidots.com/building- a-people-counter-with-raspberry- pi-and-ubidots