101 4.7 find system files and place files in the correct location
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This document discusses locating files on a Linux system. It describes the find, locate, which, and whereis commands and their syntax and options for finding files and their locations. The key utilities covered are find, which searches for files matching expressions; locate, which searches a database index for file locations; which, which finds the location of executables; and whereis, which finds the location of binaries, manuals, and sources of commands. It also discusses the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard for placement of files on Linux systems.
101 4.7 find system files and place files in the correct location
- 1. CoreLinuxforRedHatandFedoralearningunderGNUFreeDocumentationLicense-Copyleft(c)AcácioOliveira2012 Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,changingisallowed Linux Essenciais and System Administration
- 2. CoreLinuxforRedHatandFedoralearningunderGNUFreeDocumentationLicense-Copyleft(c)AcácioOliveira2012 Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,changingisallowed Key Knowledge Areas Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS. Find files and commands on a Linux system. Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS. Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Find system files and place files in the correct location Terms and Utilities find locate updatedb whereis which type /etc/updatedb.conf 2
- 3. CoreLinuxforRedHatandFedoralearningunderGNUFreeDocumentationLicense-Copyleft(c)AcácioOliveira2012 Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,changingisallowed File system Hierarchy Standard 3 Directories required in / by the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Set of requirements and guidelines for file and directory placement under UNIX-like operating systems. Directory Description bin Essential command binaries boot Static files of the boot loader dev Device files etc Host-specific system configuration lib Essential shared libraries and kernel modules media Mount point for removable media mnt Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarily opt Add-on application software packages sbin Essential system binaries srv Data for services provided by this system tmp Temporary files usr Secondary hierarchy var Variable data http://www.pathname.com/fhs/ Create partitions and filesystems
- 4. CoreLinuxforRedHatandFedoralearningunderGNUFreeDocumentationLicense-Copyleft(c)AcácioOliveira2012 Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,changingisallowed Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 4 Ex: Create partitions and filesystems
- 5. CoreLinuxforRedHatandFedoralearningunderGNUFreeDocumentationLicense-Copyleft(c)AcácioOliveira2012 Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,changingisallowed Locating Files # find /home/angie –name stuff /home/angie/stuff # find /home/angie –user root /home/angie/morestuff find utility is used to search for files. 5 Find system files and place files in the correct location Syntax: find /path expression Ex: Options: -atime Searches based on the number of days since last accessed. -ctime Searches based on the number of days since directory entry last changed. -group Searches for files belonging to the specified group. -newer Searches for files more recent than the specified file. -name Searches for files with names matching the specified string. -user Searches for files belonging to the specified user.
- 6. CoreLinuxforRedHatandFedoralearningunderGNUFreeDocumentationLicense-Copyleft(c)AcácioOliveira2012 Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,changingisallowed Locating Files locate provides a secure way to index and quickly search for files on your system. Uses slocate database, by default, to find file locations. Db is updated with cmd updatedb 6 Find system files and place files in the correct location Syntax: locate –options arguments Options: -u Start at / when creating the slocate database. -U /PATH Start at the specified path when creating the slocate database. -e DIR Exclude the specified directories when creating the slocate database. -c Parses the /etc/updatedb.conf file when creating the database. -i Searches without regard to case. -o FILE Specifies the output file to create. -d PATH Specifies the path of databases to search. The database is located in: /etc/updatedb.conf
- 7. CoreLinuxforRedHatandFedoralearningunderGNUFreeDocumentationLicense-Copyleft(c)AcácioOliveira2012 Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,changingisallowed Locating Files # which locate /usr/bin/locate which takes one or more arguments. For each argument it prints to stdout 7 Find system files and place files in the correct location Syntax: which –options program-name Ex:
- 8. CoreLinuxforRedHatandFedoralearningunderGNUFreeDocumentationLicense-Copyleft(c)AcácioOliveira2012 Everyoneispermittedtocopyanddistributeverbatimcopiesofthislicensedocument,changingisallowed Locating Files whereis locates source/binary and manuals sections for specified files. 8 Find system files and place files in the correct location Options: -b Searches for binaries. -m Searches for manual entries. -s Searches for sources. -u Searches for unusual entries that don’t have one entry for each type. -B Changes where whereis searches for binaries. -M Changes where whereis searches for manual sections. -S Changes where whereis searches for source code. # whereis ls ls: /bin/ls /usr/man/man1/ls.1.gz Ex: