The document discusses system-on-chip (SoC) architectures for embedded systems. It begins by defining embedded systems and noting that they typically have specific purposes and interface with the real world. SoCs integrate processor cores, memory, and other components onto a single chip to serve application-specific functions. The document then provides examples of small to complex embedded systems that use SoCs. It notes the huge and growing market for embedded systems and discusses challenges like the design productivity gap. Finally, it argues that heterogeneous SoCs using standardized interfaces and pre-designed intellectual property cores can help address challenges and provide optimized solutions for application domains.