13990389 Hotel Engineering Training Lighting System
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This document discusses lighting systems and provides information on basic lighting terms, light sources, lighting system design elements, lighting system maintenance, and conservation opportunities. It defines terms like visible light, color rendition, and footcandles. It describes natural and artificial light sources such as incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and electric discharge lamps. It covers elements of lighting system design including light levels, luminaires, and color rendition. It also discusses lighting system maintenance and conservation opportunities.
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13990389 Hotel Engineering Training Lighting System
- 1. Jl. Jl Tukad Batanghari VIII/7A – Denpasar – Bali – Indonesia Tel: (62) 361 7910518 Fax: (62) 361 7910518 Lighting Systems Drs. Agustinus Agus Purwanto, MM
- 2. Basic lighting terms Visible light ROY G BIV Color rendition Lumen Illumination Footcandles
- 3. Light sources Natural light (sunlight) – inexpensive and can contribute much to overall lighting needs – drawbacks solar heat gain glare fading and physical deterioration of fabrics Common artificial light sources – incandescent l i d t lamps – electric discharge lamps
- 4. Incandescent lamps Advantages – instant starting and restarting – low in cost – good color rendition Disadvantages – short lifetime – poor efficiency – high operating cost – adds heat to building Types – Conventional – rough service or vibration – Tungsten – reflector
- 5. Electric discharge lamps Advantages – longer lifetimes – higher efficiency – low operating cost Disadvantages g – slow starting and restarting – higher cost – poorer color rendition Types – Fluorescent – mercury vapor – metal halide – high- and low-pressure sodium
- 6. Lighting system design elements Light levels – determined by the tasks or activities that will take place within a space – light levels measured by portable light meters; Illuminating Engineers Society, Illuminating Society Engineering Society of North America, and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers recommend minimum g g light levels – building area method vs. space-by-space method – dimming controls
- 7. Lighting system design elements Luminaires – Components C t Lamps lamp sockets ballasts (for electric discharge lamps) reflective material lenses or louvers Housing – visual comfort probability – coefficient of utilization
- 8. Lighting system design elements Color rendition – color of light affects appearance of surfaces, finishes, furnishings, etc. – color rendering i d l d i index Safety – lighting system must comply with local safety codes – all luminaires need adequate ventilation, clearance, and proper wattage – acryllic diffuser or tube safety shield for some lamps in some locations (kitchens, for example) – insufficient light – glare – widely varying light levels can be hazards Emergency lighting – must comply with local codes, which are often based on the Life Safety Code and the National Electrical Code – a delay of no more than ten seconds is permitted – exit signs
- 9. Lighting system maintenance Cleaning – replace HVAC filters to cut down on dust – semi-annual cleaning – destaticization Replacement p – incandescent lamps replaced more often than fluorescents – lumen depreciation – group replacement vs. replacement upon burnout – old lamps and ballasts must be disposed of properly – recycling of fluorescent lamps and ballasts available in some areas
- 10. Conservation opportunities Efficient lighting Control operating hours Replace incandescents with fluorescents when possible p Turn off lights when not needed EMS methods – Microprocessors/computer systems Mi / t t – photocell control – ultrasonic or infrared sensors – twist timers