1627478708347_Chapter 1.pptx
- 1. Chapter 1: Configuring a Network Operating System
- 2. IOS Bootcamp
- 3. Cisco IOS Operating Systems All networking equipment dependent on operating systems • End users (PCs, laptops, smart phones, tablets) • Switches • Routers • Wireless access points • Firewalls Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) • Is an operating system used by collection of network operating systems used on all Cisco devices
- 4. Cisco IOS Purpose of OS • PC operating systems (Windows 8 & OS X) perform technical functions that enable • Use of a mouse • View output • Enter text • Switch or router IOS provides options to • Configure interfaces • Enable routing and switching functions • All networking devices come with a default IOS • Possible to upgrade the IOS version or feature set
- 5. Cisco IOS Location of the Cisco IOS IOS stored in Flash • Non-volatile storage – not lost when power is lost • Can be changed or overwritten as needed • Can be used to store multiple versions of IOS • IOS copied from flash to volatile RAM • Quantity of flash and RAM memory determines IOS that can be used
- 6. Cisco IOS IOS Functions Major functions performed or enabled by Cisco routers and switches include:
- 7. Accessing a Cisco IOS Device Console Access Method Most common methods to access the Command Line Interface • Console • Telnet or SSH • AUX port
- 8. Accessing a Cisco IOS Device Console Access Method Console port • Device is accessible even if no networking services have been configured (out-of-band) • Need a special console cable • Allows configuration commands to be entered • Should be configured with passwords to prevent unauthorized access • Device should be located in a secure room so console port can not be easily accessed
- 9. Accessing a Cisco IOS Device Telnet, SSH, and AUX Access Methods Telnet • Method for remotely accessing the CLI over a network • Require active networking services and one active interface that is configured Secure Shell (SSH) • Remote login similar to Telnet but utilizes more security • Stronger password authentication • Uses encryption when transporting data Aux Port • Out-of-band connection • Uses telephone line • Can be used like console port
- 10. Accessing a Cisco IOS Device Terminal Emulation Programs Software available for connecting to a networking device • PuTTY • Tera Term • SecureCRT • HyperTerminal • OS X Terminal
- 11. Navigating the IOS Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
- 12. Navigating the IOS Primary Modes
- 13. Navigating the IOS Global Configuration Mode and Submodes
- 14. Navigating the IOS Navigating between IOS Modes
- 15. Navigating the IOS Navigating between IOS Modes (cont.)
- 16. The Command Structure IOS Command Structure
- 17. The Command Structure Context Sensitive Help
- 18. The Command Structure Command Syntax Check
- 19. The Command Structure Hot Keys and Shortcuts • Tab - Completes the remainder of a partially typed command or keyword • Ctrl-R - Redisplays a line • Ctrl-A – Moves cursor to the beginning of the line • Ctrl-Z - Exits configuration mode and returns to user EXEC • Down Arrow - Allows the user to scroll forward through former commands • Up Arrow - Allows the user to scroll backward through former commands • Ctrl-Shift-6 - Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such as ping or traceroute. • Ctrl-C - Aborts the current command and exits the configuration mode
- 20. CLI configuration manager • Command line interface (CLI) is a text-based interface that is used to operate software and operating systems while allowing the user to respond to visual prompts by typing single commands into the interface and receiving a reply in the same way. • CLI is quite different from the graphical user interface (GUI) that is presently being used in the latest operating systems. • CLI is an older method for interacting with applications and operating systems and is used to perform specific tasks required by users. CLI is a text-based interface, unlike the GUI, which uses graphical options that enable the user to interact with the operating system and applications. • CLI allows a user to perform tasks by entering commands. Its working mechanism is very easy, but it is not user friendly. Users enter the specific command, press “Enter”, and then wait for a response. After receiving the command, the CLI processes it accordingly and shows the output/result on the same screen; command line interpreter is used for this purpose.
- 21. • configurations on Cisco routers and switches using the CLI will earn you some decent cash! • Entering the CLI • After the interface status messages appear and you press Enter, the Switch> prompt will • pop up. This is called user exec mode, or user mode for short, and although it’s mostly used to view statistics, it is also a stepping stone along the way to logging in to privileged exec mode, called privileged mode for short. • You can view and change the configuration of a Cisco router only while in privileged mode, and you enter it via the enable command like this: • Switch>enable • Switch# • The Switch# prompt signals you’re in privileged mode where you can both view and change the switch configuration. You can go back from privileged mode into user mode by using the disable command: • Switch#disable • Switch>
- 22. Configuration wizard • If you unpack your switch and plug it in, you will be running the generic factory configuration, the setup wizard. This configuration is enough to allow you to use the switch on the default VLAN — vlan 1 — and will have all auto options enabled for each port. • There will not be a management interface for Telnet or SSH; but once a management IP is configured, you can connect with Telnet and the web browser to make configuration changes. • When you first unpack a new switch or if you have erased the configuration, when the switch boots for the first time, it will automatically enter setup. • If your switch does not, you have the option of running setup from Privileged EXEC mode. Here is the basic setup process; within just a few minutes, you can have the management interface on your switch up and running:
- 24. Connectivity configuration on networking devices IPAddressing in the Large • Each end device on a network must be configured with an IP address • Structure of an IPv4 address is called dotted decimal • IP address displayed in decimal notation, with four decimal numbers between 0 and 255 • With the IP address, a subnet mask is also necessary • IP addresses can be assigned to both physical ports and virtual interfaces
- 25. Ports and Addresses Interfaces and Ports • Network communications depend on end user device interfaces, networking device interfaces, and the cables that connect them • Types of network media include twisted-pair copper cables, fiber-optic cables, coaxial cables, or wireless • Different types of network media have different features and benefits • Ethernet is the most common local area network (LAN) technology • Ethernet ports are found on end user devices, switch devices, and other networking devices • Cisco IOS switches have physical ports for devices to connect to, but also have one or more switch virtual interfaces (SVIs - no physical hardware on the device associated with it; created in software) • SVI provides a means to remotely manage a switch over a network
- 26. Addressing Devices Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface • IP address - together with subnet mask, uniquely identifies end device on internetwork • Subnet mask - determines which part of a larger network is used by an IP address • interface VLAN 1 - interface configuration mode • ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 - configures the IP address and subnet mask for the switch • no shutdown - administratively enables the interface • Switch still needs to have physical ports configured and VTY lines to enable remote management
- 27. Addressing Devices Manual IPAddress Configuration for End Devices
- 28. Addressing Devices Automatic IPAddress Configuration for End Devices
- 30. Verifying Connectivity Testing the Interface Assignment
- 31. Verifying Connectivity Testing End-to-End Connectivity