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1728328564890_APA style referencing.pptx
- 1. APA Style For Citing And Referencing Presented by: Arooj Fatima
- 2. Identify the different research paper styles. Objectives: By the end of the presentation, students will be able to : Understand APA style format for citing and renferencing.
- 3. Introduction It is evident that each study or academic work is based on some data and conclusions previously made . Therefore ,each student or a writer of academic papers must document and cite any source of information they use in their research papers to avoid plagiarism. Mainly, proper paper quoting will show a professional work conduct and allow readers to consult the sources used. There are many research paper styles of writing among them APA,MLA, Harvard and Chicago styles . Each has its paper formatting styles including APA style which is widely used.
- 4. Different Formats Styles of Writing APA Style (American Psychological Association) It is often used for citation, research, and formatting in social sciences (Psychology, Sociology, Linguistics, Economics, Criminology, Business, and Nursing) , 7th edition in 2019. MLA Style (Modern Language Association) It is a writing style of citation and research formatting that is widely used in Art, Liberal Arts, and Humanities. CBE Style of Research – Council of Biology Editors It is used mostly to write research papers and cite sources within the Biology domain.
- 5. Harvard Style It is used mostly in research in the humanities field. While APA is common in the USA, Harvard Style is popular in the UK and Australia Chicago Manual of Style/Turabian Style Chicago Style and Turabian research formats are also similar. They are designed to be used in history and economics. AMA Style A Guide for Authors and Editors and it is the writing format for the American Medical Association and research communities.
- 6. ASA Style American Sociological Association (ASA) is often found in works created by those who research, study, or work in Sociology. CGOS Citation Style – Columbia Guide to Online Writing Style in Research A specialized research writing style guide for citing format and creating electronic sources.
- 7. APA Style Format 7th Ed. General Guidelines writing in Font size 12_ point Times New Roman or courier are acceptable police. Only black toner Indent paragraphs 0.5 inch No more than 27 lines of text per page Double space the entire paper Left justify text only Leave a minimum one inch margin on the sides ,top,and bottom of each page. Number pages in the top right corner Before the page number,use shortened form of the title as a header
- 9. Page Title APA Format
- 11. PART 1: In-text citations Formatting Quotations When quoting, introduce the quotation with a signal phrase. Make sure to include the author’s family name, the year of publication, the page number, and quotation marks. Narrative citation Caruth (1996) states that ’’ a traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena” (p.11). Parenthetical citation ‘’A traumatic response frequently entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena” (Caruth, 1996, p.11).
- 13. APA requires that any quotation over 40 words be started on a new line, indented 0.5 inches from the margin, double spaced without quotation marks, essentially a block quote.
- 14. In-text Citations: Formatting a Summary or Paraphrase Provide the author’s last name and the year of publication in parenthesis after a summary or a paraphrase. Though feminist studies focus solely on .......the masculine-centered (Fussell, 1975). According to Antonakos and Kazanis (2003) there are advantages to....... use ‘and’ when family names are outside parentheses (narrative) For two authors: include the family names of both authors and the year There are advantages to keeping design ...........(Antonakos & Kazanis, 2003) use ‘&’ when family names are inside parentheses (parenthetical)
- 15. In-text Citations Multiple authors: When citing a work with three to five authors for the first time, identify all authors in the signal phrase or in parenthesis . The data were wide (Harklau, Siegal, & Losey, 1999) In subsequent citations (the authors are already mentioned ) , only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the signal phrase or in parentheses. All audience had an idea (Harklau et al., 1999) When citing a work with six and more authors, identify the first author’s name followed by “et al. Smith et al. (2006) maintained that…. public health .....(Smith et al., 2006)
- 17. PART 2: Reference List The purpose of the reference list is to enable readers to locate sources, and therefore details must be correct and complete. In compiling your APA reference list, you should: • List references on a new page with a centred heading titled ‘References’ • Include books, journal articles, online sources etc. in one alphabetical listing • Order entries alphabetically by family name of author/s • List works with no author under the first significant word of the title • Indent second and subsequent lines of each entry (5–7 spaces) • Use double spacing
- 19. Reference list Books in Italics One Author: in italics
- 20. Reference list Books Two Authors: Organisation as Author : Separated by ampersand “&”
- 21. Reference list Article or Chapter in a Book Ebooks
- 22. Reference list Journal article Web page
- 23. The formatting of a research paper is different depending on which style guide is followed in writing. There are several types of writing formats which provide guidelines for citations and references to quote or paraphrase others' works for credibility. The APA format is considered as the best citation style because it helps to credit sources, avoid plagiarism and enable writers to present their ideas in clear and presice method. Thus, making the choice which format style of writing is appropriate to proceed the research,it sets clear guidelines for a successful work. Conclusion
- 24. References • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2019). 7th ed. • A Research Guide (2023). Different Research Paper Styles and Formats. References