1728328564890_APA style referencing.pptx

APA Style For Citing
And Referencing
Presented by: Arooj Fatima

 Identify the different research paper
styles.
Objectives:
 By the end of the presentation, students
will be able to :
 Understand APA style format for
citing and renferencing.

Introduction
It is evident that each study or academic work is based on
some data and conclusions previously made . Therefore ,each
student or a writer of academic papers must document and cite
any source of information they use in their research papers to
avoid plagiarism. Mainly, proper paper quoting will show a
professional work conduct and allow readers to consult the
sources used. There are many research paper styles of writing
among them APA,MLA, Harvard and Chicago styles . Each has
its paper formatting styles including APA style which is widely
used.

 Different Formats Styles of Writing
APA Style (American Psychological Association)
It is often used for citation, research, and formatting in social
sciences (Psychology, Sociology, Linguistics, Economics,
Criminology, Business, and Nursing) , 7th edition in 2019.
 MLA Style (Modern Language Association)
It is a writing style of citation and research formatting that is
widely used in Art, Liberal Arts, and Humanities.
CBE Style of Research – Council of Biology Editors
It is used mostly to write research papers and cite sources
within the Biology domain.

Harvard Style
It is used mostly in research in the humanities field. While
APA is common in the USA, Harvard Style is popular in the
UK and Australia
Chicago Manual of Style/Turabian Style
Chicago Style and Turabian research formats are also
similar. They are designed to be used in history and
economics.
AMA Style
A Guide for Authors and Editors and it is the writing format
for the American Medical Association and research
communities.

ASA Style

American Sociological Association (ASA) is
often found in works created by those who
research, study, or work in Sociology.
CGOS Citation Style – Columbia Guide to Online
Writing Style in Research
A specialized research writing style guide for
citing format and creating electronic sources.

APA Style Format 7th Ed.
General Guidelines
 writing in Font size 12_ point
 Times New Roman or courier are acceptable police.
 Only black toner
 Indent paragraphs 0.5 inch
 No more than 27 lines of text per page
 Double space the entire paper
 Left justify text only
 Leave a minimum one inch margin on the sides ,top,and
bottom of each page.
 Number pages in the top right corner
 Before the page number,use shortened form of the title as a
header

PART 1: In-text citations
Formatting Quotations
 When quoting, introduce the quotation with a signal phrase. Make sure
to include the author’s family name, the year of publication, the
page number, and quotation marks.
 Narrative citation
Caruth (1996) states that ’’ a traumatic response frequently
entails a delayed, uncontrolled repetitive appearance of
hallucinations and other intrusive phenomena” (p.11).
 Parenthetical citation
‘’A traumatic response frequently entails a delayed,
uncontrolled repetitive appearance of hallucinations and other
intrusive phenomena” (Caruth, 1996, p.11).

 APA requires that any quotation over 40
words be started on a new line, indented 0.5
inches from the margin, double spaced
without quotation marks, essentially a block
quote.

In-text Citations:
 Formatting a Summary or Paraphrase
 Provide the author’s last name and the year of publication in parenthesis
after a summary or a paraphrase.
Though feminist studies focus solely on .......the masculine-centered
(Fussell, 1975).
According to Antonakos and Kazanis (2003) there
are advantages to.......
use ‘and’ when
family names are
outside parentheses
(narrative)
 For two authors: include the family names of both authors and the year
There are advantages to keeping design ...........(Antonakos &
Kazanis, 2003)
use ‘&’ when
family names
are inside
parentheses
(parenthetical)

In-text Citations
Multiple authors:
 When citing a work with three to five authors for the first time,
identify all authors in the signal phrase or in parenthesis .
The data were wide (Harklau, Siegal, & Losey, 1999)
 In subsequent citations (the authors are already mentioned ) ,
only use the first author's last name followed by "et al." in the
signal phrase or in parentheses.
All audience had an idea (Harklau et al., 1999)
When citing a work with six and more authors, identify the
first author’s name followed by “et al.
Smith et al. (2006) maintained that….
public health .....(Smith et al., 2006)

PART 2: Reference List
 The purpose of the reference list is to enable readers to
locate sources, and therefore details must be correct and
complete.
 In compiling your APA reference list, you should:
 • List references on a new page with a centred heading
titled ‘References’
 • Include books, journal articles, online sources etc. in one
alphabetical listing
 • Order entries alphabetically by family name of author/s
 • List works with no author under the first significant word of the
title
 • Indent second and subsequent lines of each entry (5–7 spaces)
 • Use double spacing

Reference list
Books in Italics
One Author:
in italics

Reference list
Books
Two Authors:
 Organisation as Author :
Separated by ampersand
“&”

Reference list
Article or Chapter in a Book
Ebooks

Reference list
 Journal article
Web page

The formatting of a research paper is different depending on which style
guide is followed in writing. There are several types of writing formats which
provide guidelines for citations and references to quote or paraphrase others'
works for credibility. The APA format is considered as the best citation style
because it helps to credit sources, avoid plagiarism and enable writers to
present their ideas in clear and presice method. Thus, making the choice
which format style of writing is appropriate to proceed the research,it sets
clear guidelines for a successful work.
Conclusion

References
• Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (2019). 7th
ed.
• A Research Guide (2023). Different
Research Paper Styles and Formats.
 References

1728328564890_APA style referencing.pptx

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