1-Introduction (Game Development - UMT Spring 2017/2018)
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This document provides a history of video game development from the 1950s to the late 2000s. It describes the evolution from early computer games in the 1950s-1970s to the launch of console systems in the 1970s like the Magnavox Odyssey and Atari Pong. It then covers the rise of home console and computer gaming through successive generations in the 1980s-2000s from the Atari 2600 to systems like the Nintendo Wii, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It also discusses the growth of mobile gaming with iOS and Android in the late 2000s.
1-Introduction (Game Development - UMT Spring 2017/2018)
- 2. Video Game • A video game is a game which is played with a set of rules using an audiovisual apparatus and which can be based on a story • Audiovisual apparatus: • Input • Output • Video game produce output on an electronic display FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 4. History (1st Generation) • In 1951, Ralph Bear in Loral proposed to built game with TV but got rejected • In 1952, Douglas developed first game OXO for EDSAC computer • In 1961, Steve Russell developed game Space Wars for PDP-1 mainframe computer FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 6. History (1st Generation) • In 1970, Ralph Bear showed demo of a game to the marketing VP of Magnavox • In 1970, Magnavox started working on game with Ralph Bear • In 1972, Magnavox released the Magnavox Odyssey console • In 1972, Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell released Pong which was coin operated game FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 9. History (1st Generation) • From 1973-1977, Magnavox released several versions of Magnavox Odyssey console • In 1975, Atari released Pong console • From 1975-1976, Pong clones started to appear in market everywhere • Lack of creativity caused video game crash of 1977 FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 10. History (2nd Generation) • In 1977, Atari released Atari 2600 console • In 1977, Apple II computer was released •In 1978, Magnavox released Magnavox Odyssey 2 console • In 1979, Atari released Atari 400 and Atari 800 personal computers FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 12. Gaming on Computer in Early 1980s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Apple II Castle Wolfenstein
- 13. Gaming on Computer in Early 1980s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Atari 800 Star Raiders
- 14. History (2nd Generation) • In 1980, Nintendo released handheld console Game and Watch • In 1981, IBM released the computer by the name of IBM PC • In 1982, Commodore International released Commodore 64 computer • In 1982, Atari released Atari 5200 console • In 1983, video game crash occurred due to poor quality games FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 16. Gaming on Computer in Mid 1980s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Commodore 64 Impossible Mission
- 17. History (3rd Generation) • In 1984, Apple Macintosh computer was released • In 1985, Nintendo released Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) console • In 1986, Sega released the Sega Master System console • In 1987, Atari released the Atari 7800 console FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 18. Gaming on Console in Late 1980s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY NES Donkey Kong
- 19. Gaming on Console in Late 1980s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY NES Super Mario
- 20. Gaming on Computer in Late 1980s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Apple Macintosh Alternate Reality City
- 21. History (4th Generation) • In 1989, Nintendo released handheld Nintendo Game Boy console • In 1989, Sega released Sega Genesis console • In 1991, Nintendo released Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) console • Personal computers with DOS and VGA started to gain popularity in early 1990s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 24. Gaming on Console in Early 1990s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY SNES Super Mario World
- 25. Gaming on Computer in Early 1990s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Dave Castle Wolfenstein 3D
- 26. History (5th Generation) • In 1993, Atari released Atari Jaguar console • In 1995, Sega released the Sega Saturn console • In 1995, Sony released PlayStation console • In 1995, Microsoft released Windows 95 operating system FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 27. Gaming on Console in Mid 1990s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PlayStation Crash Bandicoot
- 29. History (5th Generation) • In 1996, Nintendo released Nintendo 64 console • In 1997, Nokia launched games in mobile devices • Multiplayer gaming became popular in late 1990s • Nvidia launched Geforceline of graphic cards in 1999 • ATI released their Radeon line of graphic cards in early 2000 FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 30. Gaming on Console in Late 1990s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PlayStation Metal Gear Solid
- 31. Gaming on Console in Late 1990s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Nintendo 64 Legend of Zelda Ocarina of Time
- 32. Gaming on Computer in Late 1990s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Need for Speed 2 Age of Empires II
- 33. History (6th Generation) • In 1999, Sega released Sega Dreamcastconsole • In 2000, Sony released PlayStation 2 console • In 2000, Apple released Mac OS X operating system • In 2001, Microsoft released Xbox console • In 2001, Nintendo released handheld Game Boy Advance and Game Cube console • In 2004, Nintendo released handheld Nintendo DS console FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 34. Gaming on Console in Early 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Xbox Need for Speed Hot Pursuit 2
- 35. Gaming on Console in Early 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PlayStation 2 Medal of Honor Frontline
- 36. Gaming on Console in Early 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Nintendo Game Cube Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker
- 37. Gaming on Computer in Early 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY GTA Vice City Counter Strike
- 38. History (7th Generation) • In 2005, Sony released handheld PlayStation Portable console • In 2005, Microsoft released Xbox 360 console • In 2006, Sony released PlayStation 3 console • In 2006, Nintendo released Nintendo Wii console FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 39. Gaming on Console in Mid 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Xbox 360 Gears of War
- 40. Gaming on Console in Mid 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PlayStation 3 Call of Duty Modern Warfare
- 41. Gaming on Console in Mid 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Nintendo Wii Super Mario Galaxy
- 42. Gaming on Computer in Mid 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Crysis Need for Speed Most Wanted
- 43. History (7th Generation) • In 2007, Apple released iPhone and iOS operating system for Apple mobile devices • In 2008, Google released Android operating system for mobile devices • In 2009, Nintendo released handheld Nintendo DSi console • In 2009, Sony released handheld PlayStation Portable Go console FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 44. Gaming on Mobile Devices in Late 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Angry Birds Infinity Blade
- 45. Gaming on Console in Late 2000s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PlayStation 3 Uncharted 2 Among Thieves
- 47. History (7th Generation) • In 2010, Microsoft released Kinect • In 2010, Sony released PlayStation Move • In 2010, Apple released iPad for Apple mobile tablet devices • In 2011, Google released Android operating system for mobile tablet devices FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 48. Gaming on Mobile Devices in Early 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Plants vs Zombies 2 Asphalt 8 Airborne
- 50. Gaming on Console in Early 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PlayStation 3 The Last of Us
- 51. Gaming on Console in Early 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Xbox Kinect Kinect Sports
- 54. History (8th Generation) • In 2011, Nintendo released handheld Nintendo 3DS console • In 2012, Sony released handheld PlayStation Vita console • In 2012, Nintendo released combo Nintendo Wii U console • In 2013, Sony released PlayStation 4 console • In 2013, Microsoft released Xbox One console • In 2015, Apple released Apple Watch and Watch OS for Apple mobile watch devices FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 55. Gaming on Mobile Devices in Mid 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Pokemon Go Mortal Kombat X
- 57. Gaming on Console in Mid 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PlayStation 4 Uncharted 4 Thief's End
- 58. Gaming on Console in Mid 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Nintendo Wii U Mario Kart 8
- 59. Gaming on Computer in Mid 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY GTA V Battlefield 1
- 60. History (8th Generation) • In 2016, Oculus released Oculus Rift VR headset • In 2016, HTC released HTC Vive VR headset • In 2016, Sony released PlayStation VR headset • In 2016, Microsoft released Xbox One S console • In 2016, Sony released PlayStation 4 Pro console • In 2017, Nintendo released combo Nintendo Switch console FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
- 61. Gaming on Mobile Devices in Late 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Alto’s Odyssey Transformers Forged to Fight
- 63. Gaming on Console in Late 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PlayStation 4 Pro The Last of Us II
- 64. Gaming on Console in Late 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Nintendo Switch Legend of Zelda Breath of the Wild
- 67. Gaming on VR in Late 2010s FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Oculus Rift Paranormal Activity The Lost Soul
- 70. Current Mobile Platforms FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • Google Android • Apple iOS • Microsoft Windows Phone • Samsung Tizen • Amazon Fire OS • Ubuntu Touch
- 71. Current Console Platforms FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • Sony PlayStation 4 / PlayStation 4 Pro • Microsoft Xbox One / Xbox One S • Nintendo Wii U • Nintendo Switch
- 72. Current Handheld Console Platforms FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • Sony PlayStation Vita • Nintendo 3DS • Nintendo Wii U • Nintendo Switch
- 73. Current Computer Platforms FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • Microsoft Windows • Apple macOS • Linux • Google Chrome OS
- 74. Current TV Platforms FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • Google Android TV • Apple tvOS • SamsungSmart TV • Amazon Fire TV
- 75. Current Wearable Platforms FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • Google Android Wear • Apple watchOS • Samsung Tizen for Wearables • Pebble OS • Web OS
- 76. Current VR and AR Platforms FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • Google Cardboard • Samsung Gear VR • Oculus Rift • Valve Steam VR (HTC Vive) • Sony PlayStation VR • Google Daydream VR • Microsoft Hololens
- 78. Game Engine FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • A game engine is a framework which contains a collection of tools, utilities and interfaces that provides abstraction to the low-level details of the various tasks that make up a game. • Game engine consists of libraries and software development kits (SDKs) that implementcommon tasks related to a game such as Scripting Input Output Graphics Rendering Sound Physics Animation User Interface Artificial Intelligence Networking Optimization Testing
- 79. Game vs Game Engine FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY • A game consists of hard-coded logic, rules and components whereas a game engine provides reusablecomponents which can be modified to create a differentgame. • Generic reusabilityof common tasks define how advanceis a game engine Cannot be used to build more than one game Can only be used to change the same game Can be used to build new games of similar type Can be used to build new games of different types Game Game Engine
- 80. Game Engine Architecture FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Game Components Graphics Rendering, Sound, Physics, Animation, User Interface, etc. Assets Core Systems Platform Independence Software Development Kits Operating Systems Drivers Hardware 3D Models, Textures, Fonts, Audio Clips, etc. Memory Management, Debugging, Parsers, Libraries File System, Network Transport Layer, Threading, API Wrappers, etc. DirectX, OpenGL, Havok, PhysX, ODE, STL, Boost, etc. Windows, macOS, Xbox OS, Orbis OS, iOS, Android, etc. Intel Drivers, Nvidia Drivers, AMD Drivers, etc. PC, Mac, Xbox, PlayStation, iPhone, etc.
- 81. Current Popular Game Engines FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY Available to all • Unreal Engine • Unity3D • Cry Engine • Game Maker Studio • Construct Available to selected • Naughty Dog Game Engine • RAGE • Frostbite • Anvil • IW Engine
- 82. Reference • A Short and Simple Definition of What a Videogame Is - Nicolas Esposito • An introduction to the video games world - S Natkin • A Brief History of Computer Games - Mark Overmars • A Look into the Industry of Video Games Past, Present, and Yet to Come - Chad Hadzinsky • Game Engine Architecture - Jason Greygory FROM: HAFIZ AMMAR SIDDIQUI – COURSE: GAME DEVELOPMENT – INSTITUTE: UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY