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1Part One - Human Resource Management.ppt
- 1. Welcome to theCourse: Human Resource Management (HRM) September 2021
- 2. Course Objectives By theend of this course students will be able to: discuss the meaning and philosophies of human resource management. explain how organizations identify their human resource requirements and the various approaches used to recruit and select the best employees for their organizations. identifying the amount and types of staff necessary to manage organizations, and apply strategies of training & development, performance appraisal, compensation and reward, safety mechanisms necessary for the staff to be effective and successful in their jobs. apply strategies how to manage organization members and define their roles and responsibilities. explain the concept of employee relations, the union management framework and the role that managers and HR play to ensure a positive work environment.
- 3. Course Content Chapter One:Introduction to Human Resources Management Chapter Two: Job Analysis and Design Chapter Three: Human Resources Planning Chapter Four: Recruitment and Selection Chapter Five: Orientation, Placement, and Separation Chapter Six: Training and Development Chapter Seven: Performance Appraisal Chapter Eight: Compensation Management and Employee Relation Chapter Nine: Emerging Trends in HRM
- 4. Teaching/Learning Method 🖝 Lecture 🖝collaborative learning 🖝 Case study 🖝 independent study
- 5. Part One: Introductionto Human Resource Management 1. Nature and Scope of Human Resource Management 2. Organizing the Human Resource Function 3. Strategic Human Resource Management 4. Human Resource Policies and Procedures
- 6. Part One: Introductionto Human Resource Management 1.1. Nature and Scope of Human Resource Management
- 7. 1.1. Nature andScope of Human Resource Management 1. The Concept of Management • Management involves setting goals and allocating scarce(limited) resources to achieve them. • Management is the process of efficiently achieving the objectives of the organization with and through people. • Primary Functions of Management – Planning – establishing goals – Organizing – determining what activities need to be done – Leading – assuring the right people are on the job and motivated – Controlling – monitoring activities to be sure goals are met
- 8. 2. HRM-Defined • Humanresource management is designing management systems to ensure that human talent is used effectively and efficiently to accomplish organizational goals. • “HRM is concerned with the most effective use of people to achieve organizational and individual goals. It is the way of managing people at work, so that they give their best to the organization”. - Invancevich and Glueck • “Policies and practices involved in carrying out the “people” or human resource aspects of a management position, including recruiting, screening, training, rewarding, and appraising comprises of HRM.”- Dessler • Generally, HRM refers to the management of people in organizations. 1.1. Nature and Scope of Human Resource Management
- 9. - The goalof HRM is to maximize employees’ contributions in order to achieve optimal (most possible) productivity and effectiveness, while simultaneously attaining individual objectives (such as having a challenging job and obtaining recognition), and societal objectives (such as legal compliance and demonstrating social responsibility). - It is valid-and perhaps more honest- to refer to HRM as ‘people management’ - Human beings in an organization: • Represent a greater assets • Perceived as major generators of cost 1.1. Nature and Scope of Human Resource Management
- 10. HRM isa combination of three concepts: • Human - people (i.e. employees and managers) • Resource - assets/costs for organizations • Management - co-ordination and control to achieve set goals but humans, unlike other resources in the context of work and management, cause problems. Importance of HR • People is the key factor of production. • Productivity is the key to measure a nation’s economic growth potential, and labor quality is the key to improving productivity. • Competition today is the competition for talents. 1.1. Nature and Scope of Human Resource Management
- 11. HRM and PersonnelManagement Dimensions PM HRM Rules Importance of devising clear rules Can do outlook, impatience with rule Speed of decision Slow Fast Management role Transactional Transformational leadership Communication Indirect Direct Selection Separate ,marginal task Integrated, key task Labour management Collective barraging contracts Individual contracts Job categories and grade Many Few Job design Division of labor Team work Conflict handling Reach temporary truce Manage climate and culture Shared interest Interest of organizations are uppermost Mutuality of interest Organization principles Mechanistic Top down centralized Organic Bottom-up Decentralized Pay Job evaluation Performance related Training and development Controlled accessed to courses Learning companies 1.1. Nature and Scope of Human Resource Management
- 12. 2. HRM- HumanResource Functions • Nature of HRM – Inherent Part of Management: It is inherent in the process of management performed by all the managers throughout the organization. – Pervasive Function: It is performed by all managers at various levels in the organization; not left to someone else. – Basic to all Functional Areas : permeates all the functional area of management such as production, financial, and marketing management. – People Centered: It is concerned with all categories of personnel from top to the bottom of the organization. – Personnel Activities or Functions: It involves in planning, employment, placement, training, appraisal and compensation. – Continuous Process: It must be performed continuously. – Based on Human Relations: Human Resource Management is concerned with the motivation of human resources in the organization.
- 13. 2. HRM- Functions •Scope of HRM http://www.whatishumanresource.com/scope-of-Human-Resource-Management
- 14. 2. HRM- Functions •Functions of HRM: Managerial and Operative –Managerial Functions • Planning : The planning function involves in determining in advance personnel requirements, personnel programs, policies etc. • Organizing : (a) preparation of task force; (b) allocation of work to individuals; (c) integration of the efforts of the task force; (d) coordination of work of individual with that of the department. • Directing : Directing is concerned with initiation of organized action and stimulating the people to work. An HR manager guides and motivates the staff of the organization to follow the path laid down in advance • Controlling : It provides basic data for establishing standards, makes job analysis and performance appraisal, etc. All these techniques assist in effective control of the qualities, time and efforts of workers.
- 15. 2. HRM- Functions •Functions of HRM: Managerial and Operative – Operative Functions 1.Procurement of HR : deals with obtaining of the proper kind and number of people necessary to accomplish organization goals. 2.Development of HR: Development has to do with the increase through training, skill that is necessary for proper job performance. 3.Compensation to HR: determination of adequate and equitable remuneration in the organization. 4.Maintaining Good Industrial Relation: reducing strike, and promoting industrial peace. 5.Record Keeping: collecting and maintaining information concerned with the staff that serves in decision making. 6.HR Planning and Evaluation: such as evaluation of performance, personnel policy of an organization and its practices, personnel audit, morale, survey and performance appraisal, etc.
- 16. 2. HRM- Functions •HRM- Activities 1. Human Resource Planning. 2. HR procurement: recruitment, selection and placement of personnel, i.e. employment function. 3. Training and development of employees for their efficient performance and growth. 4. Appraisal of performance of employees and taking corrective steps such as transfer from one job to another. 5. Motivation of workforce by providing financial incentives and avenues of promotion. 6. Remuneration of employees 7. Social security and welfare of employees.
- 17. 2. HRM-Objectives – Tohelp the organization reach its goals. – To ensure effective utilization and maximum development of HR. – To ensure respect for human beings. – To identify and satisfy the needs of individuals. – To ensure reconciliation (bring together) of individual and organizational goals. – To provide the organization with well-trained and well- motivated employees. – To increase employee's job satisfaction, motivation and self- actualization. – To develop and maintain a quality of work life. – To be ethically and socially responsive to the needs of society. – To enhance employee's capabilities to perform the present job.
- 18. 3. HRM-Challenges – Increasingsize of workforce – Increased educational level – Technological advances – Change in political environment – Increasing aspirations of employees – Changing psychosocial system – Computerized information system – Mobility of professional workforces – Change in legal environment – Management of human relations
- 19. Part One: Introductionto Human Resource Management 1.2. Organizing the Human Resource Function
- 20. 1.2. Organizing theHuman Resource Function • Structure of HR – Structure of organization depend on whether organization is small or large – In small organization there is no need to have separate department to deals with activities relating to people – Many small organizations even do not have personnel managers – Outsourcing to firms specializing in managing accounts, pensions, funds and health & care
- 21. 1.2. contd • Issuesin HR Organizations – Earlier, in personnel department employee with little knowledge and competencies were placed – The responsibility was to arrange tours, picnics, and retirement/farewell parties – Now focus has changed, HR department has key place in overall organizations – Contrary to small-sized company, in large scale organization there is big department heading by Manager/Director/Chief • Outsourcing or Subcontracting: Transfer activities to specialist organizations – Reasons: restructuring, downsizing, growth in business, and decline in business – Benefits: Cost efficiency and Access to expertise
- 22. Part One: Introductionto Human Resource Management 1.3. Strategic Human Resource Management
- 23. 1.3. Strategic HumanResource Management • Strategic HRM is an approach that defines how the organization’s goals will be achieved through people by means of HR strategies and integrated HR policies and practices. (Armstrong) • ‘The pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its goals’ (Wright and McMahan, 1992). • ‘Strategic HRM focuses on actions that differentiate the firm from its competitors’ (Purcell, 1999). • ‘The central premise of strategic human resource management theory is that successful organizational performance depends on a close fit or alignment between business and human resource strategy’ (Batt, 2007).
- 24. 1.3. contd • SHRM….. –Involves the development of a consistent, aligned collection of practices, programs, and policies to facilitate the achievement of the organization’s strategic objectives. – Requires abandoning the mindset and practices of “personnel management” and focusing on strategic issues than operational issues. – Integration of all HR programs within a larger framework, facilitating the organization’s mission and its objectives. • SHRM provides the foundation for strategic reviews in which analysis of the organizational context and existing HR practices leads to choices on strategic plans for the development of overall or specific HR strategies
- 25. 1.3. contd • StrategicHRM is underpinned by three concepts – The resource-based view: it assumes that the range of resources in an organization, including HR produces competitive advantage – Strategic fit: fit refers to the two dimensions that distinguish strategic HRM: vertically (strategic practice) and horizontally (coordination with other functions) – Strategic flexibility: is defined as the ability of the firm to respond and adapt to changes in its competitive environment. • SHRM approaches – The Best-Practice Approach: assumes adopting best practice lead to success or superior organizational performance. – The Best-Fit Approach: HR strategies should be contingent on the context, circumstances of the organization and its type.
- 26. 1.3. contd Specific HRStrategies • High performance management: include rigorous recruitment and selection procedures, extensive and relevant training and management development activities, incentive pay systems and performance management processes • High-involvement management: systems based on commitment and involvement, as opposed to the old bureaucratic model based on control.
- 27. 1.3. contd Specific HRStrategies • High-commitment management: A form of management which is aimed at eliciting a commitment so that behavior is primarily self regulated rather than controlled by sanctions and pressures external to the individual, and relations within the organization are based on high levels of trust.’ • Human capital management: obtaining, analyzing and reporting on data, which inform the direction of value-adding people management strategic, investment and operational decisions;
- 28. 1.3. contd Specific HRStrategies • Corporate social responsibility - a commitment to managing the business ethically in order to make a positive impact on society and the environment; • Organization development – the planning and implementation of programs designed to enhance the effectiveness with which an organization functions and responds to change.
- 29. ….. 1.4. Human ResourcePolicies and Procedures
- 30. 1.4. Human ResourcePolicies and Procedures • A policy provides generalized guidance on how HR issues should be dealt with; a procedure spells out precisely what steps should be taken to deal with major employment issues such as grievances, discipline, capability and redundancy. • HR policies are continuing guidelines on how people should be managed in the organization. • HR policies provide guidelines on how key aspects of people management should be handled. – The aim is to ensure that any HR issues are dealt with consistently in accordance with the values of the organization in line with certain defined principles.
- 31. 1.4. contd The mostcommon areas in which specific HR policies exist are: – Age and employment – AIDS, – Bullying – Discipline – E-mails and the internet use – Employee training and development – Employee relations – Employment – Equal opportunity – Grievances – Health and safety – Managing diversity – Promotion and demotion – Reward – Sexual harassment – Substance abuse – Work–life balance.
- 32. 1.4. contd. • HRprocedures set out the ways in which certain actions concerning people should be carried out by the management or individual managers. • It is desirable to have the key HR procedures written down to ensure that HR policies are applied consistently and in accordance with both legal requirements and ethical considerations. • The introduction or development of HR procedures should be carried out in consultation with employees and, where appropriate, their representatives. • Some HR procedures: – Disciplinary procedures – Grievance handling procedures
- 33. Group Assignment One 1.What are HR policies? 2. Why have HR policies? 3. What values may be expressed in overall HR policy? 4. What are the areas in which specific HR policies may be required? 5. How should HR policies be formulated? 6. How should HR policies be implemented? Make a case study and submit the summary of your report in two weeks time