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2014 02-18 drake univ faculty forum
This document summarizes a presentation given at Drake University on rethinking library print collections in the digital age. It discusses how library collections have evolved from being book-centered to being learning-centered. It notes trends like mass digitization, access over ownership, shared print collections, and integrating collections with teaching and learning. The presentation addresses why local print collections are changing value due to factors like low use, crowded stacks, and high costs. It emphasizes moving beyond defining libraries by their collections to focus on services. It also discusses using data like circulation statistics and WorldCat holdings to make informed decisions about managing print collections through initiatives like the Central Iowa Collaborative Collections Initiative.
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Similar to 2014 02-18 drake univ faculty forum
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- 1. Rethinking Library Resources:Print Collections in a Digital Age Drake University Faculty Forum February 18, 2014
- 2. SCS Mission To helplibraries manage and share print monographs Sustainablecollections.com 2
- 3. SCS Experience • IndividualLibrary Projects • Johns Hopkins University • Boston College • McGill University • Amherst College • Group Projects • Michigan Shared Print Initiative • Connect New York • WRLC (Washington Research Library Consortium) • VIVA (Virtual Library of Virginia) Sustainablecollections.com 3
- 4. Today’s Specials • TheWhy: The Changing Value of Local Print Collections • The How: Using Data to Inform Collections Decisions • Shared Print Monographs Sustainablecollections.com 6
- 5. THE WHY: THECHANGING VALUE OF LOCAL PRINT COLLECTIONS 7
- 6. Evolution of theLibrary Paradigm Reader-centered: from monastic scriptorium and library; dominated by light and reading tables Book-centered: collection growth; unrelenting need for more shelving Learning-centered: digital content; information commons; learning spaces; information literacy Source: Scott Bennett, Libraries and Learning: A History of Paradigm Change (2003) 8
- 7. Collection Development Trends •Mass digitization of historical print • Journals: JSTOR, Portico, et al • Books: Hathi Trust, Early English Books Online, ECCO • Access supplanting ownership • Patron-initiated selection and acquisition (PDA) • Shared regional and consortial collections • Integration with teaching and learning • Increased focus on usage/space considerations • Curating a discovery environment 9
- 8. Lewis: From theStacks to the Web… • Deconstruct legacy print collections • Slow current growth • Print journals, government documents, books • Move from item-by-item selection to purchaseon-demand or subscriptions • Manage the transition to Open Access journals • Curate the unique 10
- 9. Academic libraries needto… move beyond defining themselves by their distinctive collections and move to definitions of excellence based on distinctive services.” Scott Walter, “Guest Editorial: ’Distinctive Signifiers of Excellence’: Library Services and the Future of the Academic Library,” College & Research Libraries 72(January 2011) 11
- 10. Meet users wherethey work… 13
- 11. Curate the localand unique 14
- 12. Issues facing printbook collections • • • • • • • Stacks are overcrowded Use of print books is low and declining Library space is wanted for other purposes Print redundancy is significant The cost of keeping books on shelves is high Alternatives exist, but data is scattered Traditional approaches to deselection are costly and time-consuming Sustainablecollections.com 15
- 13. Stacks are crowdedand empty 16
- 14. Use of printbooks is low and declining • 30 million books, 88 libraries • 6% of books accounted for 80% of circulation • ‘help reduce unnecessary duplication’ • ‘determine how many copies of books are desirable’ Sustainablecollections.com http://www.oclc.org/research/publications/library/2 011/2011-06r.htm 17
- 15. Circulation in AcademicLibraries: Declining Since 2004 37% Decline 18
- 16. Space Requirements: Monographs Volumes 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,700,000 SquareFeet 20,000 45,000 80,000 150,000 405,000 Source: Stephen R. Lawrence, Lynn Silipigni Connaway, and Keith H. Brigham, “Life Cycle Costs of Library Collections” College & Research Libraries, November 2001, p. 546. 20
- 17. Library space iswanted for other purposes… “The crowding out of readers by reading materials is one of the most common and disturbing ironies in library space planning.” --Scott Bennett Sustainablecollections.com 21
- 18. Lifecycle Costs: Monographs •CLIR, June 2010 • Courant & Nielsen • Estimated Annual Costs $4.26/ volume annually in central stacks $0.86/volume in highdensity facility 22
- 19. Print redundancy issignificant… Potential for shared print And local reductions 24
- 20. The Case ofBertrand Russell… Alternatives exist, but the data is scattered… Just because it’s rational doesn’t mean it’s easy… 25
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- 23. How else couldwe…? • Preserve collection integrity • Assure low-use content is available if/when needed AND • Bear less unnecessary cost • Free more space for users and other purposes 29
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- 26. Store Onsite: BookBotand Virtual Browse? Sustainablecollections.com 32
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- 31. Independent action ina collective context Sustainablecollections.com 38
- 32. Shared print initiatives(Monographs) • Michigan Shared Print Initiative (MI-SPI) • Maine Shared Collection Strategy • Connect New York Shared Print Archiving • Central Iowa Collaborative Collections Initiative • Washington Research Library Consortium • Virtual Library of Virginia • Academic Libraries of Indiana Sustainablecollections.com 39
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- 34. Reasonable questions • Whatto manage locally? • What to manage above the institution? Sustainablecollections.com 41
- 35. THE HOW: USINGDATA TO INFORM COLLECTIONS DECISIONS 43
- 36. Two functions oflibrary print collections • Preservation function • “Dispensing” function: accounts for the “the great preponderance of operating costs. Source: Michael Buckland, Redesigning Library Services: A Manifesto (Chicago: American Library Association, 1992). Sustainablecollections.com 44
- 37. ‘Archive’ copies • DigitalArchives • Secure, high-quality • Hathi Trust, Portico • CRL certification • Print Archives • Failsafe for technological or natural disaster • New digital surrogates or re-digitization • Dark, dim, or light? 48
- 38. ‘Service’ copies • Oncecontent is securely archived, ‘dispensing’ function can be managed with fewer surplus copies • Focus on distribution, convenience, speed of delivery • Borrow or re-purchase; print, electronic (including PDA, DDA, Short-term Loan); POD 49
- 39. Surplus copies • Archivingrequirements satisfied • Sufficient service copies to meet anticipated demand • How many holdings/copies remain? • Are all of them needed? Sustainablecollections.com 50
- 40. Good Decisions RequireData • How many holdings/copies? • Where are they? • Is the title secure? • Can the title be accessed quickly? • Can the title be re-obtained if needed? • What options are available for each title? Sustainablecollections.com 51
- 41.
- 42. Library-Level Collection Summary: TotalUses Since 1992 (20 years) 3 Circulation: 0 Charges 138,415 145,559 43% 4 In-House Uses: > 0 47,394 48,542 14% 129,933 139,573 41% 58,916 60,463 18% 35,459 35,976 11% 23,472 23,730 7% 78,786 80,482 24% 50,610 51,592 15% 92,521 97,824 29% Total Uses: 0 (charges and in-house uses combined) Total Uses: 1 6 (charges and in-house uses combined) Total Uses: 2 7 (charges and in-house uses combined) Total Uses: 3 8 (charges and in-house uses combined) Total Uses: > 3 9 (charges and in-house uses combined) Total Uses: > 5 10 (charges and in-house uses combined) 5 11 Circulation: last charge date > 2002 56
- 43. Collection Summary: WorldCatHoldings Distribution Titles Items Percent of Filtered Item Records 12 > 100 holdings in USA - WorldCat (includes Drake's Holding) 266,495 279,752 82% 13 > 50 holdings in USA - WorldCat (includes Drake's Holding) 289,583 304,612 90% 14 < 5 holdings in USA - WorldCat (includes Drake's Holding) 10,178 10,834 3% 15 > 5 holdings in Iowa - WorldCat (includes Drake's Holding) 152,556 160,149 47% 28,062 30,560 9% 16 Unique in Iowa - WorldCat 57
- 44. SCS Monographs Index2013 Sustainablecollections.com 59
- 45. SHARED PRINT MANAGEMENT: GROUPPROJECTS Sustainablecollections.com 60
- 46. SCS Group Projectsto Date • • • • • • • • • Michigan Shared Print Initiative (MI-SPI) Maine Shared Collection Strategy Connect New York Shared Print Archiving California State University System Central Iowa Collaborative Collections Initiative Tri-University Group (Canada) Washington Research Library Consortium Virtual Library of Virginia Academic Libraries of Indiana Sustainablecollections.com 61
- 47.
- 48. Recorded Uses CI-CCI Title-HoldingCounts 1 All Title Holdings - Filtered All Libraries % 1,048,251 100% Recorded Use Counts 2 448,173 43% 3 Total Recorded Uses = 1 208,568 20% 4 Total Recorded Uses = 2 119,039 11% 5 Total Recorded Uses = 3 73,754 7% 6 Total Recorded Uses 4-9 150,156 14% 7 Total Recorded Uses > 10 48,651 5% 14 Last charge after 2010 104,933 10% 15 Last charge after 2007 211,842 20% 16 66 Total Recorded Uses = 0 Last charge after 2005 272,626 26%
- 49. WorldCat™ Counts –US WorldCat Counts - US - Specific Edition Title Holdings % 2 2,804 0% 4 2-4 Holdings in the US 7,327 1% 6 5-9 Holdings in US 10,822 1% 8 10-19 Holdings in US 19,452 2% 10 20+ Holdings In US 1,007,213 96% 12 50+ Holdings in US 953,539 91% 14 100+ Holdings in the US 875,579 84% 16 68 Unique in the US 200+ Holdings in the US 728,019 69%
- 50. WorldCat™ Counts –Iowa WorldCat Counts - Iowa - Specific Edition Title Holdings % 18 105,880 10% 20 2-4 Holdings in Iowa 322,899 31% 22 5-9 Holdings in Iowa 347,872 33% 24 69 Unique in Iowa 10+ Holdings in Iowa 268,032 26%
- 51. CI-CCI Overlap Based onSCS Matching Overlap within the 5 CI-CCI member libraries Title Holdings % 2 526,526 50% 3 Title-holdings in 2 libraries 280,360 27% 4 Titles-holdings in 3 libraries 154,351 15% 5 Titles-holdings in 4 libraries 68,681 7% 6 70 Unique in group Titles-holdings in all 5 libraries 18,333 2%
- 52. 18,333 titles areheld by all 5 CI-CCI Libraries Pub Year CI-CCI Recorded Uses The Interpreter's Bible : the Holy Scriptures in the King James and Revised standard versions with general articles and introduction, exegesis, exposition for each book of the Bible 1951 362 Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix by J.K. Rowling 2003 280 Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince by J.K. Rowling 2005 278 Denying the Holocaust: the Growing Assault on Truth and Memory by Deborah 1994 Lipstadt 135 The Catcher in the Rye by JD Salinger 1951 126 Ethnicity and Family Therapy edited byMonica McGoldrick, Joe Giorano … 1996 118 Bury my heart at Wounded Knee; an Indian history of the American West by Dee Brown 1971 116 A thousand splendid suns by Khaled Hosseini 2007 106 Gilead by Marilynne Robinson 2004 99 71 The great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald 1991 96 Title/Author
- 53. Overlap with otherIPAL Libraries Overlap with other IPAL libraries – specific editions Title Holdings % 29 170,962 16% 30 WorldCat holding set in 2-4 other IPAL libraries 293,053 28% 32 WorldCat holding set in 5-9 other IPAL libraries 155,259 15% 34 72 WorldCat holding set in 1 other IPAL Library WorldCat holding set in 10+ other IPAL libraries 33,678 3%
- 54. Overlap with otherIowa Universities WorldCat Counts Title Holdings % 36 Holding set by the Univ of Northern Iowa 47% 38 Holding set by the University of Iowa 684,025 65% 40 Holding set by Iowa State University 73 490,738 621,218 59%
- 55. CI-CCI Title-Holdings byPublication Year 74
- 56. Average number ofCI-CCI library holdings per title by publication year 1985 = 1.54 (peak value) 2012 = 1.15 75
- 57.
- 58. CI-CCI Title Holdingsby Holding Level 526,526 uniquely held titles 50% 280,360 titles 27% 154,351 titles 15% 68,681 titles 7% 18,333 titles 2% Number of CI-CCI libraries holding title
- 59. CI-CCI Title Holdingsby Holding and Circulation Levels 600,000 500,000 0 Circs 1-3 Circs 400,000 253,849 4+ Circs 300,000 116,928 200,000 88,920 192,177 109,096 100,000 80,500 94,699 54,336 57,746 2 3-5 - 1
- 60. Shared Withdrawal Scenarioswithin the CI-CCI 5 Titles Published and Acquired before 2000 0 Circulations 1 or fewer circulations 3 or fewer circulations Keep 1 Title-holding 101K withdraw 315K retain 150K withdraw 266K retain 194K withdraw 221K retain Keep 2 Title-holdings 36K withdraw 157K retain 51K withdraw 142K retain 65K withdraw 128K retain Keep 3 Title-holdings 10K withdraw 59K retain 14K withdraw 56K retain 17K withdraw 52K retain 81
- 61. October 24, 2013 FinalWithdrawal/Retention Candidate Criteria Keep 1 title holding within CI-CCI At least 1 non-CI-CCI library in Iowa also holds the title (any edition) Published before 1991 Zero recorded uses since 2005 CI-CCI FINAL Allocation Tallies Allocated SCS Withdrawals Institution ID Titles Institution Central Drake Grand View Grinnell Simpson Total 760 761 762 763 764 Allocated Withdrawals Items Allocated Retentions Titles Allocated Retentions Items 29,802 51,324 16,845 51,806 24,272 31,197 54,372 17,926 55,969 25,928 26,401 45,229 14,934 45,718 20,375 28,073 48,635 16,027 52,549 22,828 174,049 185,392 152,657 168,112 82
- 62.
- 63. CI-CCI: A ModelShared Print Project • CI-CCI: entrepreneurial effort • Evolved from ‘independent action in a collective context’ to full collaboration • All titles held in Des Moines area now subject to formal long-term retention commitments • 126,000 surplus holdings/copies eligible for withdrawal • Built on existing trust network 84
- 64. CI-CCI: A ModelShared Print Project • Potentially scalable more broadly to IPAL? • Regents libraries play an foundational, but not exclusive role • Influence on prospective collection development • An early success in shared print • Mirrors the pattern we have seen in other projects…. 85
- 65. Strong preferences: print,self-sufficiency Hathi Trust or other digital surrogate Print in Collective Collection Print in state Print within group Sustainablecollections.com 86
- 66. Q & A/ DISCUSSION Sustainablecollections.com 87
Editor's Notes
- #3 We also run seminars aimed at educating stakeholders on these issues
- #10 Others:If it is available for sale
- #11 Others:If it is available for sale
- #12 Others:If it is available for sale
- #14 Others:If it is available for sale
- #16 Others:If it is available for sale
- #18 Others:If it is available for sale
- #19 Need to update graph:2010 circs are 136,003,396 2002-2010 =
- #66 21,675 bib records filtered out
- #75 The first peak was in 1970 with 19,433 title-holdingsPeak year 2000 with 21,761 title-holdingsLast full year 2011 there were 11,132 title-holdings
- #76 1.3 is the average across all titles
- #82 Keep 1 - Eligible Pre-2000 Titles Held by 2 or more libraries ~ 416K Title-HoldingsKeep 2 - Eligible Pre-2000 Titles Held by 3 or more libraries ~ 193K Title-HoldingsKeep 3 - Eligible Pre-2000 Titles Held by 4 or more libraries ~ 69K Title-Holdings