3. Research is very significant
in our lives, it has gradually
changed human life
throughout history.
4. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
1. Research aims for truth (Rolfe 2002).
2. Research improves quality of human life (Bornmann
2013).
3. Research saves life(Cancer Research UK 2019).
4. Research gathers necessary information (Igwenagu
2016).
5. Research explores humanity (Lee, Tran, and Lee 2007).
5. RESEARCH AIMS FOR TRUTH
We crave truth for no one has the desire to
live in lies (Rasmussen 2013).
Research is about establishing truth based
on evidence or data.
We conduct a study to seek for truth.
Research provides us an explanation or solution
to particular problem based on truth (Kasi 2009).
6. RESEARCH IMPROVES THE
QUALITY OF HUMAN LIFE
All of the technological advancements
are brought by different researches
(Gupta 2018).
Without the people who dedicated
their lives for the sake of humanity, we
will not be able to improve our standard
of living.
7. RESEARCH SAVES A LIFE
In the past, when penicillin was not yet discovered,vpeople just
die without proper medication. It was by the research of Fleming
that the first generation of antibiotics were discovered (Pandey et
al. 2014).
The research of Dr. Abelardo Aguilar, a Filipino doctor, one of
the contributors to the discovery of Erythromycin during the late
1940s resulted to an effective medicine in bacteria that causes
infections in the respiratory tract (Peretti et al. 2011).
Dr. Fe Del Mundo improved the incubator and jaundice
relieving device. Now pre-matured babies and those suffering
from jaundice can survive and enjoy life in the future.
8. RESEARCH GATHERS THE
NECESSARY INFORMATION
Conducting research
implies gathering necessary
data to explain your problem
and to answer your
particular questions
9. RESEARCH EXPLORES
HUMANITY
Research explores the culture of people.
Research likewise deals with the investigation of
culture to understand and to appreciate others'
practices, and beliefs (Zion and Kozleski 2005).
The way we understand others is the result of a
long study of different individuals to provide us
explanations about group or individual culture.
Because of this, we can now relate,understand, and
respect others.
12. 1. Research should be systematic.
- The researcher needs to carry out a
series of interrelated steps in
conducting the study. Such procedure
must follow a well-planned,
sequential and organized structure
from beginning to end.
13. RESEARCH FORMAT:
Chapter 1: Background of the Study
A. Introduction
B. Statement of the Problem
C. Statement of the Research Objective
D. Conceptual Framework
E. Hypotheses of the Study
F. Significance of the Study
G. Scope and Limitations of the Study
H. Definition of Terms
14. Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature
A. Introduction
B. Concepts
Chapter 3: Research Methods
A. Research Design
B. Sampling Plan
C. Operational Framework
D. Method of Data Collection
E. Method of Data Analysis
15. Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
- Respondents’ Profile
- Frequency Distribution Tables with Corresponding Interpretations
Chapter 5: Summary, Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
A. Summary
B. Findings
C. Conclusion
D. Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES (Questionnaires, Letter to Respondents)
16. 2. Research should be objective.
- The researcher needs to present
information that are purely based on
truths. It should always be anchored
on the factual basis in which the
research work is founded, thus being
free from any bias or personal
opinion.
17. 3. Research should be feasible.
- The researcher needs to consider the
possibility and practicality of
conducting the proposed study. All
significant factors like time, budget and
access to resources must be analyzed to
determine if the research can actually
be done.
18. 4. Research should be empirical.
- The researcher needs to employ
appropriate methods, either
quantitatively or qualitatively, to
produce evidence-based information.
They can be drawn from concrete
experimentation, direct or indirect
observation, and verifiable experience.
19. 5. Research should be clear.
- The researcher needs to use comprehensible
language to present information and convey
explanation throughout the research process. The
factors to be manipulated, measured or described in
the study, also known as variables, must be clarified
using literature from published and unpublished
materials. They should be explained well from the
introductory part of the research paper to ensure a
deeper understanding of the study to be conducted.
21. Research process is a systematic
manner in which the researcher
approaches his/her area of study to
produce knowledge that the community
will consider to be worthwhile within the
field (Rao, 2017).
23. The simplified flow of the significant
steps you need to take in conducting a
study as presented by rao (2017):
1. Define the research problem.
To begin your research, you must look at a significant real-life
problem. Factors like area of interest, availability of fund, socio-
economic significance of the study, and the safety measures to be
undertaken should be considered in finding and defining the
research problem.
Example: The researcher identifies English language proficiency as
a problem of aspiring maritime students in qualifying for admission
to prestigious maritime institutions.
24. 2. Review the literature.
Read various publications or surf the internet
to become aware of the previous works
already done about the chosen topic. You may
utilize different resources like science books,
magazines, journals, newspapers, or even in
the internet.
Example: The researcher reviews previous studies
conducted about English language proficiency and
the experienced difficulties of aspiring maritime
students.
25. 3. Formulate hypothesis.
A hypothesis is a theoretical statement in
solving a logical relationship between
variables. It should be based on the
problem being solved.
Example: The researcher hypothesizes that the
implementation of English-Only Policy (EOP) in
the classroom can improve the English
language proficiency of Pre-Baccalaureate
Maritime students.
26. 4. Prepare the research design.
Identify what is the best means to
collect and analyze data in the study
to clarify and improve the research
problem, purpose, and questions.
Example: The researcher uses an
experimental design on exploring the
experiences of the students in
implementing EOP.
27. 5. Collect data.
Use an appropriate data collection method to
elicit the needed information.
Example: The researcher collects data through
interview and focus group discussion.
6. Analyze data.
Utilize strategies and methods that make sense
of the data to answer the research problem.
Example: The researcher analyzes the data by drawing
patterns and themes from the generated data.
28. 7. Interpret and report the findings.
Put the information in perspective
and present the solution to the
proposed problem based on the
findings of the investigation.
Example: The researcher interprets and
reports the findings based on the
collected and analyzed data to solve the
research problem .
31. ETHICAL CODES AND POLICIES FOR
RESEARCH
Cristobal & Cristobal (2017), in their
book, “Practical Research 1 for Senior
High School”, lists the following ethical
codes and policies that the researcher
needs to consider in conducting a study:
32. 1. HONESTY
The researcher should
strive to truthfully report
data in whatever form of
communication all
throughout the study.
33. 2. OBJECTIVITY
The researcher should avoid
being biased. The study
should not be influenced by
his/her personal motives,
beliefs and opinions.
34. 3. INTEGRITY
The researcher should
establish credibility through
the consistency of his/her
thought and action. He/she
should act with sincerity
especially on keeping
35. 4. CARE
The researcher should never
neglect even the smallest detail
of the study. All information
should be critically examined.
Records of research activities
should be properly and
securely kept.
36. 5. OPENNESS
The researcher should be
willing to accept criticisms
and new ideas for the
betterment of the study.
Research results and
findings should be shared to
37. 6. RESPECT FOR
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
The researcher should not plagiarize. Credit
should be given to who or where it is due. All
authors cited and sources used in the study
should be properly acknowledged.
- Plagiarism refers to the act of illegally using
another person’s ideas, works, processes, and
results. Thus, it constitutes claiming an
intellectual property as one’s own that can be
penalized through Republic Act 8293 known as
39. 8. RESPONSIBLE
PUBLICATION
The researcher should ensure that
his/her work is clear, honest,
complete, accurate, and balanced,
thus avoiding wasteful and
duplicate publication. It should
likewise refrain from selective,
misleading, or ambiguous
40. 9. RESPONSIBLE
MENTORING
The researcher should
teach responsible conduct of
research and share
professional knowledge and
skills especially to new or
less-experienced
41. 10. RESPECT FOR
COLLEAGUES
The researcher should
show courtesy to
his/her colleagues by
treating them equally
and fairly.
43. 12. NON-
DISCRIMINATION
The researcher should not
discriminate based on sex, race,
ethnicity, or any factor relating to
scientific competence and integrity.
Thus, research should be open to
all people or entities who will
participate in research.
44. 13. COMPETENCE
The researcher should possess
necessary knowledge and skills
in conducting a study. He/she
should be equipped with a
sense of professionalism and
expertise to ensure competent
46. 15. HUMAN SUBJECT
PROTECTION
The researcher should protect
human lives by preventing and
minimizing harms and risks.
He/she should always uphold
the human dignity, privacy,
and autonomy of human
48. 1. VOLUNTARY
PARTICIPATION
The research participants must be given
the privilege to exercise their free will
whether to participate or not. They have
the right to refuse involvement in the study.
Thus, any person should not be forced to
take part in any research undertaking.
49. 2. INFORMED CONSENT
The research participants must be provided
with sufficient information about the
procedures and risks involved in the research.
It serves as an initial guide on why and how
the study will be conducted. Hence, the
researcher must ensure that they fully
understood and agreed upon the study.
50. 3. RISK OF HARM
The research participants must be
protected from any type of harm whether
it may be physical, psychological, social,
or economic. The researcher must avoid,
prevent, or minimize threats especially
when they are exposed and engaged in
invasive and risky procedures.
51. 4. CONFIDENTIALITY
The research participants must be
assured of their privacy particularly
on personal information. The
researcher must secure that all
information disclosed by them will not
be used without authorized access.
52. 5. ANONYMITY
The research participants must remain
anonymous or unidentified throughout the
study even to the researchers themselves.
They have the right to keep their identities
secret as they participate especially in
case sensitive studies.
Editor's Notes
#3:Who invented the world wide web? Tim Berners-Lee
#5:Example: for many centuries people believe that the world is flat and it is over the giant turtle. Beyond the horizon of the sea is an abyss. Ferdinand Magellan’s research have made us live with the fact that the world is round.
Have you ever heard about the belief that earth is the center of the universe? Actually, for many years men believed that everything revolved around us. But thanks to
Copernicus, because of his tedious research, now we know that it is not Earth as the center of the universe but the sun.
#6:Who invented the web that paved way to the use of the internet? Tim Berners-Lee
Who invented Facebook? – Mark Zuckerberg
#9:Research helps us explain the reason behind cultures
