2_Analogy btw SME and ED.pptx

CONCEPTS
IN
ENGINEERING DESIGN
Dr. G.Praveen Kumar
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
IIITDM Kurnool,A.P., India

Analogy
between
S.M.E.
and
“Engineering Design”
DR. G PRAVEEN KUMAR 2

In S.M.E. (Science, Maths and Engineering) courses:
The problems are well posed in a very compact form.
The solutions to each problem are unique and compact.
These problems have a readily identifiable closure.
These problems require application of very specialized
areas of knowledge.
Analogy between S.M.E. and

In Contrast, in Engineering Design:
The design problems are poorly-defined, or are incompletely
stated due to missing information, or uncertainty.
There is no unique solution, only alternate solutions each
with their own merits.
The solution often requires integration from several subject
areas, including Science, Math and Engineering.
It is difficult to achieve a ‘final ideal solution’. After a design is
completed, there are always recommendations for future work
and revisions.
Analogy between S.M.E. and

Engineering design is the process of devising a system,
component or process to meet desired needs of the society.
Engineering Design Process
1. Ask
2.
Imagine
3.
Plan
4.
Create
5.
Test
6.
Improve
Engineering
Design
Process
• What are the problems?
• What are the constraints?
• What are the criteria?
• Brainstorm ideas
• Choose the best one
• Draw a diagram
• Gather all needed materials
• Follow your plan and start
building
• Try it out!
• Collect data
• Record
• Observations
• Analyze your data.
• How can you make it better?
• Re-design.
Keep in mind:
• Address the problem
• Satisfy constraints
• Meet the criteria
• Think trade-offs
• Be creative
• Consider everyone’s
idea
• Failure is an
important part of the
process.
Engineering
Design is an
adaptable and
open process

A good design involves:
Synthesis: Identification of the design elements (complex) that will
comprise the product, its decomposition into parts, and the combination
of the part solutions into a total workable system.
Analysis: To understand how the part will perform in service, we must
be able to calculate as much about the part’s expected behaviour as
possible before it exists in physical form by using the appropriate
disciplines of science and engineering science and the necessary
computational tools.
Evaluation: To decide whether the design outcome is adequate to meet
the need. often, it is done by a team of impartial experts.
Analysis Synthesis Evaluation

Challenges before Engineering Design
(Four C’s of Design)
DR. G PRAVEEN KUMAR
Design
Creativity
Complexity
Choice
Compromise
9

The Four C’s of Design:
● Creativity: Requires creation of something that has not
existed before or has not existed in the designer’s mind
before.
● Complexity: Requires decisions on many variables and
parameters.
● Choice: Requires making choices between many possible
solutions at all levels, from basic concepts to the
smallest detail of shape.
● Compromise: Requires balancing multiple and sometimes
conflicting requirements.

Importance of Engineering Design process
Effect of engineering design on different aspects of a product
DR. G PRAVEEN KUMAR
Design
Product
Quality
Product
Cycle
Time
Product
Cost
11
1
2
3

 Product Cost: Decisions made in the design process cost
very little in terms of the overall product cost but have a
major effect on the cost of the product.
 Product Quality: You cannot compensate in manufacturing
for defects introduced in the design phase. (The design must
be carried out so that the product can be made without
defect at a competitive cost.)
 Product cycle time: The design process should be
conducted so as to develop quality, cost-competitive products
in the shortest time possible. Moreover, the longer a product
is available for sale in the market, the more sales and profits
there will be.

Main Types of Design
1. Innovative design / Original Design:
• It employs an original, innovative concept to achieve a
need.
• This form of design is at top of the hierarchy.
• A truly original design involves invention.
• Successful original designs occur rarely, but when they do
occur they usually disrupt existing markets because they
have in them the seeds of new technology of far-reaching
consequences.
• The design of the microprocessor was one such original
design.

2. Adaptive design:
• This form of design occurs when the design team
adapts a known solution to satisfy a different need
to produce a novel application.
• For example, adapting the ink-jet printing concept to
spray binder to hold particles in place in a rapid
prototyping machine.
• Adaptive designs involve synthesis and are relatively
common in design.
Cont.

3. Redesign:
• The task may be to redesign a component in a
product that is failing in service, or to redesign a
component so as to reduce its cost of manufacture.
• Often redesign is accomplished without any change
in the working principle or concept of the original
design.
• For example, the shape may be changed to reduce a
stress concentration, or a new material substituted to
reduce weight or cost.
• When redesign is achieved by changing some of the
design parameters, it is often called variant design.
Cont.

4. Selection design:
• This type design task consists of selecting the components
with the needed performance, quality, and cost from the
catalogs of potential vendors.
• Most designs employ standard components such as
bearings, small motors, or pumps that are supplied by
vendors specialized in their manufacture and sale.
5. Industrial design:
• Industrial design is a consideration of how the human user
can best interface with the product.
• While this type of design is more artistic than engineering,
it is a vital aspect of many kinds of design.
Cont.

Other Types of design
DR. G PRAVEEN KUMAR
Optimum design
Functional design
Design for realization
Design for profits
Process design
Configuration design
Parametric design
Routine design
Rational design
Empirical design
18

Thank
You
Thank
You
19
DR. G PRAVEEN KUMAR

Configuration design is a kind of design where a fixed set of predefined
components that can be interfaced (connected) in predefined ways is
given, and an assembly (i.e. designed artifact) of components selected
from this fixed set is sought that satisfies a set of requirements and
obeys a set of constraints.
Parametric design is a design method where features (such as building
elements and engineering components) are shaped according
to algorithmic processes, in contrast to being designed directly. In this
method, parameters and rules determine the relationship between
design intent and design response.
Routine design A problem solving task which involves a process of matching
the problem requirements to previous attempts at meeting the same set or
requirements.
In chemical biology and biomolecular engineering, rational design (RD) is
an umbrella term which invites the strategy of creating new molecules with a
certain functionality, based upon the ability to predict how the molecule's
structure (specifically derived from motifs) will affect its behavior through physical
models. This can be done either from scratch or by making calculated
variations on a known structure, and usually complements directed evolution.

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