2nd international sym. final abdelbagi
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Mutation-induced variability for improved yield and rust resistance in wheat in hot irrigated environments The document discusses three main points: 1) Projects supported by the IAEA involving mutation breeding of wheat for improved resistance to rust diseases in various countries like Sudan, Kenya, Pakistan, and others. This has involved screening mutant lines for resistance. 2) Progress that has been made, including the identification of resistant mutant lines and varieties released in Kenya. Six promising mutant lines from Sudan were also identified with high yield and resistance to stem and leaf rust. 3) Future directions including releasing more mutant varieties, characterizing resistance genes/alleles, developing molecular markers, and expanding the work to improve resistance to stripe rust
2nd international sym. final abdelbagi
- 1. Mutation-induced variability for improved yield and rust resistance in wheat in hot irrigated environments Abdelbagi M. Ali1, 2, Izzat S.A. Tahir2, Abdalla M.A. Kurmut2, Sufian M. Suliman2, Nasrein M.K. Omer2 , Tahani Y. Elagib2 , Pierre Lagoda1 and Brian Forster1 1. Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency - P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria 2. Agricultural Research Corporation, PO Box 121, Wad Medani, Sudan [email protected]
- 2. Contents • Introduction to the Division NAFA of IAEA • TC projects for NA • Projects related to mutation breeding for resistance to wheat rust diseases • Progress made and out come • Conclusion/way forward
- 3. International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Corporate Mission Atomic energy for peace, health and prosperity Sustainable agricultural development, improved nutrition and food security to contribute to sustainable food security and safety by use of nuclear techniques and biotechnology
- 4. Division of NAFA Nuclear Techniques Insect Pest Control by Sterile Insect and Related Biological Techniques Plant Breeding & Genetics by Mutation Techniques Animal Production & Health by Serological and Molecular Techniques Soil & Water Management & Crop Nutrition by Isotopic and Nuclear Techniques Food & Environmental Safety by Food Irradiation and Radio- analytical Techniques
- 6. 96 Member States served CRP & TCP (7) (65)
- 7. International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Mandate Plant Breeding and Genetics To improve national capacities in plant mutation breeding, especially in developing countries: Mutation induction Mutation detection Mutant line development (pre-breeding) and other enabling technologies
- 8. Radio-sensitivity test to optimum dose y = -0.208x + 112.3 R² = 0.942 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Seedlingheightaspercentageofcontrol Doses (Gy) Stimulation Induction Genes studies International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 12-15% Moisture 100% moisture
- 9. International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Generating and identifying mutants 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 Time (min) Intensity(mV) Mutation Hin a Studies, Fluorescence Hin a 96 Hin a 72 Hin a 48 Hin a 32 Hin a 24 Hin a 16 Hin a 10 Hin a 8 Hin a 6 Hin a 4 Hin a 2 Hin a WT Hin a Hom Mutagenic treatmentMo seed M1 plants M2, M3 … .. Genotyping Seed resource of identified mutants Phenotyping
- 10. International Atomic Energy Agency Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Mutant line development Identified mutant Check BGSAD for potential alleles Rounds of selfing Cross to reference genotype Produce segregating population Bulk segregant analysis Fine Map Candidates via synteny Validation Adaptive backcross to elite line Varietal development Varietal development
- 11. Recurrent parent Donor mutant F1 BC1 BC2 BC3 BCn Backcross inbred lines Selfing DH, MM, Rapid cycling DH, MM, Rapid cycling FAST SLOW Homozygous mutant lines Mutant induction Accelerated mutation breeding by combinations of DH, MM and short crop cycle Repeated generation cycles (5-6/year)
- 12. International Atomic Energy AgencyFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Successes in plant mutation breeding 3218 registered mutant varieties in 214 plant sp. Majority (> 80%) have been developed by nuclear techniques Most are food security crops Legumes 492 Others 378 Cereals 1589 Flowers 642 Oil crops 110
- 13. INT5150 (2009-2013) Wheat Stem Rust SECOND DEFENSE LINE: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia BACK UP DEFENSE LINE: Pakistan, South Africa LOGISTICS SUPPORT: Australia, Austria, Italy, Mexico, Syria, USAFIRST DEFENSE LINE: Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Jordan, Kenya, Sudan, Syria, Turkey, Uganda, Yemen SUGGESTED ADD. PARTNERS: India, Iraq, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia IMPORTANT WHEAT PRODUCING AREAS Technology Transfer Capacity Building Networking 300 000 M2 and M3
- 14. Autors (in alphabetical order): (11)Al-Bokari M., (9)Al-Maawali Q. S. A., (9)Al-Mutasim Al-Busaidi R., (11)Al-Salman A., (14)Arabi M. I. E., (10)Arain M. A., (15)Ben Chedli Trifa Y., (1)Benbelkacem A., (3)Bhagwat S. G., (3)Bhavani S., (1)Djenadi C., (8)El Amil R., (2)Elsayed S. S., (14)Ghannam A., (10)Hussain M., (10)Khanzada S. K., (11)Khashoggi A., (7)Kimurto P. K., (7)Kinyua M. G., (7)Kiplagat O., (12)Le Roux J., (21)Li C., (22)Liu L., (13)Mohamed G., (4)Mostafavi H. A., (2)Moustafa R. A. K., (13)Mukhtar A. A. G., (7)Mutui T. M., (15)Rezgui S., (18)Saif A., (6)Shakhatreh Y., (20)Singh D., (16)Tutluer M. I., (17)Wagoire W. W., (19)Yahyaoui A., (5)Younus M. & (23)Lagoda P. J. L. (1)Algeria (2)Egypt (3)India (4)Iran (5)Iraq (6)Jordan (7)Kenya (8)Lebanon (9)Oman (10)Pakistan (11)Saudi Arabia (12)South Africa (13)Sudan (14)Syrian Arab Republic (15)Tunisia (16)Turkey (17)Uganda (18)Yemen (19)ICARDA, Syrian Arab Republic (20)CIMMYT, Nairobi, Kenya (21)Department of Agriculture and Food of Western Australia (22)Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) (23)FAO/IAEA, Austria (Luxembourg)
- 15. SCREENING PROTOCAL FOR M2 - M3 AND M4 1. To avoid escape from rust plant, screen M2 – M3 and M4 2. Use all known pathotype in inoculum 3. Use three highly adopted lines as check (susceptible in your area). 4. Planting dates two 1) Normal 2) Date for rust screening Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00 Sr 31 oooooooooooooooooooo 00 Sr 24 oooooooooooooooooooo 00 Sr 36 oooooooooooooooooooo 00 Check (1) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 2 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 3 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 4 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 5 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 6 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 7 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 8 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 9 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 10 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 Check (2) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00 M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 2 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 3 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 4 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 5 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 6 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 7 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 8 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 9 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 10 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 Check (3) OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 Morrocco 00000000000000000000 00 M2 1 °°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°°° 00 - - - To develop proper rust infection Inoculate your materials in the evening (by spraying). Mix all virulence in equal proportions. 1gm of rust spores is sufficient for inoculation of one hectare. Take notes / observations when checks and isogenic lines give you maximum rating (above 505). Collect inoculum for next year. Separate and maintain for the conformation of mutants selected. Screening Protocol for M2, M3 and M4 Eldoret, Kenya Screen House : M3 and M4 (inoculum spray)
- 16. Selections screening of mutants per country. COUNTRY Selection R MR MS Algeria Bulk (M2) 1 13 8 Australia Bulk (M2) 3 5 Egypt Bulk (M4) 6 10 India Bulk (M2) 10 Iran Bulk (M2) 5 6 Iraq Bulk (M4) 1 9 Kenya Pedigree (M7) 8 5 5 Lebanon Bulk (M4) 6 5 Bulk (M2) 1 8 Pakistan Bulk (M4) 3 South Africa Bulk (M2) 31 60 Sudan Bulk (M2) 16 84 Syria Bulk (M2) 1 24 3 Turkey Main Tillers (M2) 4 Uganda Bulk (M5) 1 11 2 Yemen Bulk (M4) 1 3 4 Bulk (M2) 8 5 TOTALS 13 132 231 4 resistant mutant lines Submitted to National Performance Trials
- 18. Phenotype of resistant mutants and susceptible wild wheat genotypes (Eldoret, Kenya ) Photographs courtesy of Amos Ego Wild parent Wild parent Wild parent Resistant mutant Resistant mutant Moderately resistant mutant
- 19. Visual and diseases scores for M5 lines in two populations at the two testing sites; Wad Medani and New Halfa., Sudan 2012 Visual Scores 1 Wad Medani New Halfa Disease1 Scores Stem rust Leaf rust 0 Poor 221 277 R-trR 256 6 √ Acceptable 136 125 trR-MR 154 45 * Good 73 62 MR-MS 68 84 ** Very good 61 32 MS-S 19 311 *** Excellent 7 2 S 3 54 Total 498 498 Total 500 500 1 R= resistant, tr= trace infection, MR= moderately resistant, MS= Moderately susceptible, S= susceptible Visual scoring in both sites while the diseases scoring was at New Halfa Research Station
- 20. • Genetic Stocks o Major gene resistance type o Minor gene resistance type • Released mutant variety-Kenya • Advance lines (6) With high yield and resistance to stem and leaf rust (Sudan) Future outlook • Release mutant varieties • Identify/characterize genes/alleles • Develop Molecular markers • Utilize the resistance source in backcross breeding • Expand the work for resistance to stripe rust Opportunity for collaborations Conclusion
Editor's Notes
- #19: Ug 99 resistant M5 mutants in the INT/5/150 screening site at the Eldoret, Kenya. Photographs courtesy of Amos Ego