2ndQ-EALS-Lesson-The-Process-of-Evolution.pptx
- 1. THE PROCESS OF EVOLUTION PART 1 E N G R . R E N E N . R A M I L O
- 2. LEARNING TARGETS 1.I can explain the process of evolution; 2.I can identify some scientists who contributed to the historical developments of evolutionary thoughts; 3.I can compare Lamarckian and Darwinian Evolution;
- 3. Charles Darwin formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection in his book “On the Origin of Species” in 1859. It refers to a change over time and the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
- 4. ACTIVITY : THE WHO? DIRECTIONS: Identify the scientists who contributed to the historical developments of evolutionary thoughts by arranging the letters inside the box. Believed that populations grow geometrically while resources slowly increase or not at all, leading to competition
- 5. Thought the idea of descent modification Father of taxonomy
- 6. Realized that species evolved because fittest individuals survived and reproduced passing their advantageous characters Proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired traits and theory of use and disuse
- 7. MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES 1. GENETIC DRIFT is a change in the gene pool of a population due to chance. A. BOTTLENECK EFFECT takes place when population decreases due to various environmental factors such as fires, earthquakes and floods.
- 8. B.THE FOUNDER EFFECT happens when a small population of organisms separates from the larger group to invade a new area. 2. GENE FLOW is described as the movement of genes from one population to another.When this happens, there is a tendency to increase the gene diversity in the populations.
- 9. 3. MUTATION occurs when there is a change in the genetic makeup caused by environmental stressors.This process expands diversity of organisms. 4. NATURAL SELECTION explains the difference in survival of individual and reproduce in a particular environment.
- 10. 5. NONRANDOM MATING increases the frequency of animal with desirable traits. It causes evolution because it intrudes the natural pool of gene variations.
- 11. LAMARCKIANVS. DARWINIAN EVOLUTION Lamarck’s theory of evolution, organisms change during their lifetime to survive then pass these changes to their offspring. Darwin’s theory involves natural selection and struggle for existence. When an organism is fit and can adapt to its environment, it survives and more chance to reproduce.
- 12. Activity : IDENTIFICATION 1.______________________ refers to a change over time. 2. ______________________ is the father of evolution. 3. ______________________ is considered as father of taxonomy. 4.Thomas Malthus believed that populations grow geometrically while resources slowly increase leading to __________________. 5. _________________________ proposed the theory of use and disuse.
- 13. 6. _________________________ explains the difference in survival of individual and reproduce in a particular environment. 7. Gene flow is the movement of ____________ from one population to another. 8. _________________ occurs when there is a change in the genetic makeup caused by environmental stressors. 9.The _________________________ happens when a small population of organisms separates from the larger group to invade a new area. 10. __________________ takes place when population decreases due to various environmental factors such as fires, earthquakes and floods.
- 14. Activity: PICTURE ANALYSIS Look at the pictures below. This illustrates the evolution of phone. Describe each stage and tell the changes occur in every phase.
- 15. Activity : FIRST and LAST Arrange the following pictures from ancient to modern based on your understanding about theory of evolution. (Use numbers 1 to 5)
- 17. LEARNINGTARGETS 1. I can describe how the present system of classification of organisms is based on evolutionary relationships; 2. I can interpret and explain the phylogenetic tree; 3. I can explain the importance of phylogenetic tree to evolutionary relationship of organisms.
- 18. In 1835, when Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands, evidence has been found to indicate that living things have changed gradually during their natural history.The study of fossils as well as biogeography, embryology, molecular evidence, and comparative anatomy such as homologous structure, analogous structure and vestigial structure provide evidence for evolution
- 19. Activity 1 Match the picture with each type of evidence. Choose your answer from the word bank below.Write your answer inside the box. analogous structure molecular evidence fossil embryology vestigial structure homologous structure
- 20. The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called PHYLOGENY from the Greek word phylon which means “tribe” and genesis which means “origin”. Biologist traditionally represent the genealogy or organism’s line of evolutionary development of organisms as phylogenetic trees, which are diagrams that trace evolutionary relationships and connections among organisms.
- 21. Activity 2 Label the parts of rooted phylogenetic tree based on the given description. branch point the point where split occurs basal taxon lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched sister taxa point of two lineages stem from the same branch polytomy branch with more than two lineages Root Indicates that an ancestral lineage gave rise to all organisms on the tree
- 22. FOUR GROUPS OF EVOLUTIONARYTREE 1.MONOPHYLETIC GROUP is also called clade which shows common ancestor. 2.PARAPHYLETIC GROUP refers to recent common ancestor but not all descendants are included. 3.POLYPHYLETIC GROUP includes recent common ancestors are not included only distant relative. 4.SOFT POLYTOMY indicates more than two immediate descendants
- 23. Activity 3 Identify what group of evolutionary tree is illustrated below
- 24. Activity 4 Analyze the phylogenetic tree. Fill the blank with the correct answer. Please be guided by the Structure of Rooted Phylogenetic tree 1. The root of the tree is represented by letter ______________. 2. ____________ shows common ancestor of B and C. 3. A to E represents the ___________________ ___ 4. B and C are ___________________ _. 5. Which is more likely close related? A and C or C and D?
- 25. Activity 5 Study the phylogenetic tree then answer the questions below Questions: 1.What do you call the place where two branches split apart? 2.What does the branch point that connect chimpanzee, bonobo and human represent? 3.What is that single branch point from which all branches originate? 4.What does the node closest to the root represent? 5. How important is phylogenetic tree?